Lucera: Perbezaan antara semakan

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Delimapagi978 (bincang | sumb.)
Delimapagi978 (bincang | sumb.)
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Koloni itu berkembang maju selama 75 tahun sehinggalah ia dijarah pada tahun 1300 oleh pasukan tentera Kristian di bawah perintah [[Charles II dari Naples]]. Penghuni bandar itu yang beragama Islam diusir atau dijual sebagai hamba,<ref>Julie Taylor. [http://www.umd.umich.edu/univ/ur/press_releases/nov03/taylorbook_pr.html Muslims in Medieval Italy: The Colony at Lucera]. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. 2003.</ref> dengan ramai yang mencari perlindungan di [[Albania]] di seberang [[Laut Adriatik]].<ref>Ataullah Bogdan Kopanski. [http://www.iiu.edu.my/deed/quran/albanian/Albchapt.htm Islamization of Shqeptaret: The clas of Religions in Medieval Albania.]</ref> Masjid-masjid mereka yang ditinggalkan diruntuhkan dan gereja-gereja biasanya dibina di atas tapak masjid-masjid itu, termasuklah Gereja Besar S. Maria della Vittoria.<ref>Taylor, p.187</ref>
 
Setelah orang Islam dihalau dari Lucera, Charles cuba menempatkan orang Kristian di bandar itu. Orang Islam yang bertukar agama kepada Kristian memperoleh kembali harta mereka, namun tiada seorang pun yang dipulihkan kepada kedudukan politik atau pengaruh ekonominya sebelum ini. Semakin masa berlalu, pengeluaran bijirin di bandar itu jatuh, dan pada tahun 1339 bandar itu dilanda kebuluran. Sementara orang Kristian dibenarkan bertani sebagaimana orang Islam, kehilangan petani Muslim mungkin menjadi sebab kepada kebuluran itu.<ref>Taylor, p.190-4</ref>
After the Muslims were removed from Lucera, Charles tried to settle Christians in the city. Those Muslims that converted to Christianity got part of their property back, but none was restored his former position of political or economic influence. As time progressed, grain production fell in the city, and in 1339 the city was hit by a famine. While Christians were allowed to farm as the Muslims, the loss of Muslim farmers may have been a cause of the famine.<ref>Taylor, p.190-4</ref>
 
A significant genetic Northwest African contribution among today's inhabitants near the region of Lucera was revealed by a very recent genetic study in 2009<ref>"An inspection of Table 1 reveals a nonrandom distribution of Male Northwest African types in the Italian peninsula, with at least a twofold increase over the Italian average estimate in three geographically close samples across the southern Apennine mountains (East Campania, Northwest Apulia, Lucera). When pooled together, these three Italian samples displayed a local frequency of 4.7%, significantly different from the North and the rest of South Italy (...). Arab presence is historically recorded in these areas following Frederick II’s relocation of Sicilian Arabs", [http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/ejhg2008258a.html],''Moors and Saracens in Europe estimating the medieval North African male legacy in southern Europe'', Capelli et al., European Journal of Human Genetics, 21 January 2009</ref>.