Presiden Argentina: Perbezaan antara semakan

Sepanjang sejarah Argentina, jawatan Ketua Negara telah melalui banyak perubahan, kedua-duanya dalam gelarannya dan juga dalam ciri-cirinya serta kekuasaannya.

 

[[Image:NestorKirchner.jpeg|150px|thumb|Outgoing President [[Néstor Kirchner]] during his inauguration]]

[[Image:Presidencial.png|thumb|150px|right|Presidential flag of Argentina.]]

Before the last [[1994 reform of the Argentine Constitution|constitutional amendment of 1994]], another requirement was that the President had to be a baptized [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]], but it is no longer in force.

 

 

The current method for electing the President is by popular vote. The former method (established by the Constitution in 1853 and re-established by the amendment of 1957) was of election by means of an [[Electoral College]]. The amendment of 1949 established popular election for the first time, and the last amendment of 1994 re-established it.

 

 

Among the most important powers of the President, are the faculties of managing the country's foreign relations, present law proposals to [[Argentine National Congress|Congress]], appoint members of the [[Supreme Court of Argentina|Supreme Court]] and issue presidential [[decree]]s.

Former faculties included appointing the full of the [[federal judiciary]] (amended in 1994) and appointing [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[bishop]]s (a power which was resigned by the signing of a [[concordat]] with the [[Holy See]] in 1966). After the establishment of [[Buenos Aires]] as federal [[capital city]] in 1880, it was a power of the President to appoint the [[Mayor]] of the city. This power was lost when, in the constitutional amendment of 1994, it was established that the capital city's citizens would elect their own authorities, which was done in 1996 with the first Mayor election.

 

 

Under the last constitutional amendment (1994), the President serves for four years, with a possibility of [[reelection]] for one more term.

There had also been cases where the departing president shortened the duration of his or her term by some months, to provide for a more "serene" departure, making the next elected president be inaugurated earlier in office. This happened in the transition from [[Raúl Alfonsín]] to [[Carlos Menem]] in 1989, and from [[Eduardo Duhalde]] to [[Néstor Kirchner]] in 2003.

 

 

The Constitution establishes in Article 88 that in case of death, resignation or destitution of the President, the office is exercised by the [[Vice-President]] for the rest of the term. In the case there is no Vice-President, the Congress decides on the succession.

The current succession mechanism is established by law of Congress, and establishes that the Provisional President of the Senate assumes as acting head of the executive branch, and in a few days the Congress assembles and elects a more permanent successor. It is also decided by Congress whether the elected President exercises the office for the rest of the term, or if early elections are called.

 

 

The. most important presidential symbols are the [[presidential sash]] and the [[presidential cane]]. The sash symbolizes continuity of the office, as the departing President takes it off and puts it on the inaugurating President, and has the colours of the Argentine flag. The cane symbolizes presidential power, and is a different cane for each holder of the office, usually manufactured by a prestigious [[goldsmith]], although it is common for a President to choose to be inaugurated with the same cane of an illustrious former President.