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=History==
{{See also|Internet in the United Kingdom#History|Nominet UK#History}}
In October 1984, RFC 920 set out the creation of [[ccTLDs]] using country codes derived from the corresponding two-letter code in the [[ISO 3166-1]] list.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc920.txt|title=Request for Comments: 920|author=J. Postel and J. Reynolds|publisher=Network Working Group|date=October 1984}}</ref> "GB" is the UK's [[ISO 3166]] country code. However, the UK academic network Name Registration Scheme, [[JANET NRS]], had defined "UK" as the top-level domain a few months before the compilation of the ISO-derived list. Consequently, .uk was chosen and registered on 24 July 1985.<ref name=Mueller2002>{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sMKmdJq7iE0C&pg=PA79|
title=Ruling the Root: Internet Governance and the Taming of Cyberspace|author=Milton Mueller|page=79|publisher=MIT Press|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|year=2002|isbn=9780262632980}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/uk.html|title=IANA — .uk Domain Delegation Data|website=www.iana.org|access-date=2020-02-01}}</ref> [[.gb]] was reserved but never widely used and it is no longer possible to register domains under that ccTLD.
As with other ccTLDs in the early days it was originally delegated by [[Jon Postel]] to a "trusted person" to manage. Andrew McDowell at [[University College London|UCL]] was assigned .uk, the first country code delegation.<ref name=Mueller2002/> In time, he passed it to Willie Black at the [[UKERNA|UK Education and Research Networking Association]] (UKERNA). Originally, domain requests were emailed, manually screened by and then forwarded to the [[UK Naming Committee]] before being processed by UKERNA. Membership of this committee was restricted to a group of high-end [[Internet service provider|ISPs]] who were part of a formal [[peering]] arrangement.
The Naming Committee was organised as a mailing list to which all proposed names were circulated. The members would consider the proposals under a ruleset that insisted that all domain names should be very close if not identical to a registered business name of the registrant. Members of the Naming Committee could object to any name, and if at least a small number of objections were received, the name was refused.
By the mid-1990s the growth of the Internet, and particularly the advent of the [[World Wide Web]] was pushing requests for [[domain name]] registrations up to levels that were not manageable by a group of part-time voluntary managers. Oliver Smith of [[Demon Internet]] forced the issue by providing the committee with a series of automated tools, called the "automaton", which formalised and automated the naming process end to end. This allowed many more registrations to be processed far more reliably and rapidly, and inspired individuals such as [[Ivan Pope]] to explore more entrepreneurial approaches to registration.
Various plans were put forward for the possible management of the domain, mostly [[Internet service provider]]s seeking to stake a claim, each of which were naturally unacceptable to the rest of the committee. In response to this Black, as the .uk Name, stepped up with a bold proposal for a not-for-profit commercial entity to deal with the .uk domain properly. Commercial interests initially balked at this, but with widespread support [[Nominet UK]] was formed in 1996 to be the .uk Network Information Centre, a role which it continues to this day.
The general form of the rules (i.e. which domains can be registered and whether to allow second level domains) was set by the Naming Committee. Nominet has not made major changes to the rules, although it has introduced a new second level domain .me.uk for individuals.
Until 10 June 2014 it was not possible to register a domain name directly under .uk (such as ''internet.uk''); it was only possible as a third-level domain (such as ''internet.co.uk'').
However, some domains delegated before the creation of Nominet UK were in existence even before 10 June 2014, for example ''mod.uk''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mod.uk|title=Ministry of Defence - GOV.UK|work=mod.uk}}</ref> ([[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]]), ''parliament.uk''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk|title=www.parliament.uk Home page|work=UK Parliament}}</ref> ([[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]]), ''bl.uk''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk|title=THE BRITISH LIBRARY - The world's knowledge|work=bl.uk}}</ref> and ''british-library.uk''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.british-library.uk|title=THE BRITISH LIBRARY - The world's knowledge|work=british-library.uk}}</ref> (the [[British Library]]), ''nls.uk''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nls.uk|title=National Library of Scotland|work=nls.uk}}</ref> (the [[National Library of Scotland]]), ''nhs.uk''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk|title=NHS Choices - Your health, your choices|work=nhs.uk|date=15 August 2018}}</ref> (The [[National Health Service]]), and ''jet.uk''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jet.uk|title=JET Index Page|work=jet.uk}}</ref> ([[UKAEA]] as operator of the [[Joint European Torus]] experimental fusion [[tokamak]]).
Currently management of the .uk domain name is delegated by [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority|IANA]] to Nominet UK.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IANA — .uk Domain Delegation Data|url=https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/uk.html|access-date=2021-03-23|website=www.iana.org}}</ref> It is possible to directly register a domain name with Nominet UK at £80+VAT as of 2021,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Becoming a UK namespace registrar|url=https://registrars.nominet.uk/uk-namespace/registration-and-domain-management/new-registrars/becoming-a-uk-namespace-registrar/|access-date=2021-07-06|website=Registrar Resources|language=en-GB}}</ref> but it is faster and cheaper to do it via a Nominet-accredited [[domain registrar]] costing in the region of £10+VAT in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Francisco|first=Kieren McCarthy in San|title=Congrats from 123-Reg! You can now pay us an extra £6 or £12 a year for basically nothing|url=https://www.theregister.com/2018/10/25/123reg_privacy_fee/|access-date=2021-07-06|website=www.theregister.com|language=en}}</ref>
==.uk right of registration==
New registrations directly under .uk have been accepted by Nominet since 10 June 2014 08:00 [[British Summer Time|BST]]; however, there was a reservation period for existing customers who already had a .co.uk, .org.uk, .me.uk, .net.uk, .ltd.uk or .plc.uk domain to claim the corresponding .uk domain, which ran until 06:00 BST on 25 June 2019.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theukdomain.uk/do-i-have-uk-rights/|title=Reserved .UK domain names – your .UK rights|website=The UK Domain|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427222159/https://www.theukdomain.uk/do-i-have-uk-rights/|archive-date=27 April 2019|url-status=live|access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref>
If a domain was registered before 23:59 UTC on 28 October 2013 the user had the rights to the equivalent .uk domain (providing there was no other corresponding .co.uk, .org.uk, me.uk, .ltd.uk, .plc.uk or .net.uk registered).<ref name=":0" /> For example, if 'your-company.co.uk' was held since 2 October 2013, the registrant of 'your-company.co.uk' had the reserved right of registering 'your-company.uk', up until 06:00 BST on 25 June 2019. [[123-reg]] and [[NamesCo]] both created such domains for their customers for free but then began demanding payment in September 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McCarthy |first1=Kieren |title=Two years ago, 123-Reg and NamesCo decided to register millions of .uk domains for customers without asking them. They just got the renewal reminders... |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2019/09/16/123reg_namesco_uk_domains/ |access-date=16 September 2019 |work=theregister.co.uk |date=16 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
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