Perubatan alternatif
Perubatan alternatif merujuk pada sebarang amalan yang mendakwa menyembuhkan "yang tidak termasuk dalam rangkuman perubatan konvensional."[1] Ia mungkin berasaskan sejarah atau tradisi budaya, berbanding dari bukti saintifik.
Perubatan alternatif biasanya dikelompokkan dengan perubatan pengiring atau perubatan bersepadu, yang, secara umum, merujuk pada campurtangan yang sama apabila digunakan bersama dengan teknik aliran utama,[2][3][4] di bawah istilah umum perubatan mengiring dan alternatif, atau CAM.[5][6] Para pengkritik mengatakan istilah “pelengkap” dan “perubatan alternatif” merupakan euphemism mengelirukan bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran bidang kuasa perubatan.[7][8][9]
Pada tahun 1998 penilaian semula sistematik bagi kajian menilai penggunaannya di 13 negara merumuskan bahawa sekitar 31% pesakit barah menggunakan satu bentuk perubatan pengiring dan alternatif.[10] Perubatan alternatif berbeza dari satu negara ke negara yang lain. Bidang kuasa di mana amalan perubatan terbesar meluas mungkin melesen dan mengawalkannya. Edzard Ernst telah menyatakab bahawa di Austria dan Jerman perubatan pengiring dan alternatif kebanyakannya di tangan pakar perubatan,[5] sementara sesetengan mencadangkan anggaran bahawa separuh dari pengamal alternatif Amerika Syarikat merupakan para perubatan.[11] Di Jerman herba dikawal ketat: separuh diberikan oleh doktor dan diterima oleh insuran perubatan berdasarkan berdasarkan perundangan Komisen E.[12]
Sumber akademikSunting
- Cochrane and alternative medicine (full lists of updated reviews found on Knowledge and Research Center for Alternative Medicine)
RujukanSunting
- ^ Bratman, MD, Steven (1997). The Alternative Medicine Sourcebook. Lowell House. m/s. 7. ISBN 978-1-56565-626-0.
- ^ "White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy". March 2002. Diarkib daripada yang asal pada 2011-08-25. Parameter
|deadurl=yang tidak diketahui diendahkan (bantuan) - ^ Ernst E. (1995). "Complementary medicine: common misconceptions". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 88 (5): 244–247. PMC 1295191. PMID 7636814.
- ^ Joyce CR (1994). "Placebo and complementary medicine". The Lancet. 344 (8932): 1279–1281. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90757-9.
- ^ a b "Interview with [[Edzard Ernst]], editor of The Desktop Guide to Complementary and Alternative Medicine". Elsevier Science. 2002. Diarkib daripada yang asal pada 2007-03-11. Konflik URL pautan wiki (bantuan)
- ^ Cassileth BR, Deng G (2004). "Complementary and alternative therapies for cancer". The Oncologist. 9 (1): 80–9. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.9-1-80. PMID 14755017.
- ^ Carroll RT. "complementary medicine" at The Skeptic's Dictionary
- ^ Acupuncture Pseudoscience in the New England Journal of Medicine, Science Based Medicine, Steven Novella, Science-Based Medicine » Acupuncture Pseudoscience in the New England Journal of Medicine
- ^ Credulity about acupuncture infiltrates the New England Journal of Medicine, Science Based Medicine, David Gorski, Science-Based Medicine » Credulity about acupuncture infiltrates the New England Journal of Medicine
- ^ Ernst E, Cassileth BR (1998). "The prevalence of complementary/alternative medicine in cancer: a systematic review". Cancer. 83 (4): 777–82. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19980815)83:4<777::AID-CNCR22>3.0.CO;2-O. PMID 9708945. Parameter
|month=yang tidak diketahui diendahkan (bantuan) - ^ Cassileth, Barrie R. (June 1996). "Alternative and Complementary Cancer Treatments". The Oncologist. 1 (3): 173–9. PMID 10387984.
- ^ Marty (1999). "The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines". J Amer Med Assoc. 281 (19): 1852–3. doi:10.1001/jama.281.19.1852.
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Bacaan lanjutSunting
- Bausell, R. Barker (2007). Snake Oil Science: The Truth About Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-531368-0.
- Benedetti F, Maggi G, Lopiano L. "Open Versus Hidden Medical Treatments: The Patient's Knowledge About a Therapy Affects the Therapy Outcome." Prevention & Treatment, 2003; 6(1), APA online
- Bivins, Roberta "Alternative Medicine?: A History" Oxford University Press 2008
- Diamond, J. Snake Oil and Other Preoccupations, 2001, ISBN 978-0-09-942833-6 , foreword by Richard Dawkins reprinted in Dawkins, R., A Devil's Chaplain, 2003, ISBN 978-0-7538-1750-6 .
- Downing AM, Hunter DG (2003). "Validating clinical reasoning: a question of perspective, but whose perspective?". Manual Therapy. 8 (2): 117–9. doi:10.1016/S1356-689X(02)00077-2. PMID 12890440. Parameter
|month=yang tidak diketahui diendahkan (bantuan) - Eisenberg DM (1997). "Advising patients who seek alternative medical therapies". Annals of Internal Medicine. 127 (1): 61–9. doi:10.1059/0003-4819-127-1-199707010-00010. PMID 9214254. Parameter
|month=yang tidak diketahui diendahkan (bantuan) - Gunn IP (1998). "A critique of Michael L. Millenson's book, Demanding medical excellence: doctors and accountability in the information age, and its relevance to CRNAs and nursing". AANA Journal. 66 (6): 575–82. PMID 10488264. Parameter
|month=yang tidak diketahui diendahkan (bantuan) - Hand, Wayland Debs (1980). "Folk Magical Medicine and Symbolism in the West". Magical Medicine. Berkeley: University of California Press. halaman 305–19. ISBN 978-0-520-04129-5. OCLC 6420468.
- Illich, Ivan (1976). Limits to medicine : medical nemesis : the expropriation of health. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-022009-4. OCLC 4134656.
- Mayo Clinic (2007). Mayo Clinic Book of Alternative Medicine: The New Approach to Using the Best of Natural Therapies and Conventional Medicine. Parsippany, New Jersey: Time Inc Home Entertainment. ISBN 978-1-933405-92-6.
- Phillips Stevens Jr. (2001). "Magical Thinking in Complementary and Alternative Medicine". Skeptical Inquirer Magazine. Parameter
|month=yang tidak diketahui diendahkan (bantuan) - Planer, Felix E. (1988). Superstition (ed. Revised). Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-0-87975-494-5. OCLC 18616238.
- Rosenfeld, Anna (circa 2000). "Where Do Americans Go for Healthcare?". Cleveland, Ohio: Case Western Reserve University. Dicapai pada 23 September 2010. Periksa date values in:
|year=(bantuan) - Singh, S (2008). Trick or treatment: The undeniable facts about alternative medicine. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-06661-6. OCLC 181139440. Parameter
|coauthors=yang tidak diketahui diendahkan (|author=dicadangkan) (bantuan); preview at Google Books - Tonelli MR (2001). "The limits of evidence-based medicine". Respiratory Care. 46 (12): 1435–40, discussion 1440–1. PMID 11728302. Parameter
|month=yang tidak diketahui diendahkan (bantuan) - Trivieri Larry, Jr.; Anderson, John W., para penyunting (2002). Alternative Medicine: The Definitive Guide. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 978-1-58761-141-4.
- Wisneski LA, Anderson L (2005). The Scientific Basis of Integrative Medicine. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-2081-1.
- Zalewski Z (1999). "Importance of philosophy of science to the history of medical thinking". CMJ. 40 (1): 8–13. Diarkib daripada yang asal pada 2004-02-06.
Penerbitan Organisasi Kesihatan SeduniaSunting
Journal khusus pada penyelidikan perubatan alternatifSunting
- Alternative therapies in health and medicine. Aliso Viejo, CA : InnoVision Communications, c1995- NLM ID: 9502013
- Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic. Sandpoint, Idaho : Thorne Research, Inc., c1996- NLM ID: 9705340
- BMC complementary and alternative medicine. London : BioMed Central, 2001- NLM ID: 101088661
- Complementary therapies in medicine. Edinburgh ; New York : Churchill Livingstone, c1993- NLM ID: 9308777
- Evidence based complementary and alternative medicine
- Evidence Based journal of Integrative medicine
- Forschende Komplementärmedizin / Research in Complementary Medicine
- Journal of Integrative medicine.
- Journal for Alternative and Complementary Medicine New York, NY : Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., c1995
- Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine (SRAM)
- Journal Of Dietary Supplements
Pautan luarSunting
- The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine: U.S. National Institutes of Health
- The Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine: U.S. National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
- Knowledge and Research Center for Alternative Medicine: Denmark, the Ministry of the Interior and Health
- Guidelines For Using Complementary and Alternative Methods: from the American Cancer Society
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine Index: from the University of Maryland Medical Center
- Integrative Medicine Podcasts and Handouts: Teaching modules from the University of Wisconsin Integrative Medicine Program
- "Alternative Medicine": A BBC/Open University television series that examines the evidence scientifically
- "Complementary and alternative medicine: What is it?": from the Mayo Clinic
- Natural Standard Research Collaboration
- Alternative Medicine Health Directory
- "Perubatan alternatif, on season 12, episode 10". Scientific American Frontiers. PBS. 2001–2002. Diarkib daripada yang asal pada 2006. Parameter
|dead-url=yang tidak diketahui diendahkan (bantuan)
KritikanSunting
- Davis, Adam Brooke. "A Few Words About Folk Medicine/" Folklorist argues against uncritical use of traditional healing practices, especially by non-members of the cultures which generate the traditions
- What is Complementary and Alternative Medicine? – Steven Novella, MD
- "Alternative" health practice – Skeptic's Dictionary
- Quackwatch.org – Stephen Barrett (See also: Quackwatch)
- Healing, Hype, or Harm? A Critical Analysis of Complementary or Alternative Medicine, by Edzard Ernst (Editor) (2008), reviewed in Metapsychology.
- What's the harm? Website listing cases of people harmed by various alternative treatments.