The Life and Death of 9413: a Hollywood Extra
The Life and Death of 9413: a Hollywood Extra ialah filem pendek eksperimen senyap Amerika Syarikat 1928 yang ditulis bersama dan arahan bersama oleh Robert Florey dan Slavko Vorkapić. Dianggap sebagai mercu tanda pawagam avant-garde Amerika, ia mengisahkan seorang lelaki (Jules Raucourt) yang datang ke Hollywood dengan impian untuk menjadi bintang; dia gagal dan menjadi tidak berperikemanusiaan, dengan eksekutif studio mengurangkannya kepada peranan tambahan dan menulis nombor "9413" di dahinya.
| The Life and Death of 9413: a Hollywood Extra | |
|---|---|
 Kad tajuk filem | |
| Pengarah | |
| Penulis |
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| Dihasilkan oleh |
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| Dibintangi |
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| Sinematografi | |
| Muzik oleh | George Gershwin |
| Diedarkan oleh | FBO Pictures Corporation |
Tarikh tayangan | 1928 |
Masa tayangan | 11 minit |
| Negara | Amerika Syarikat |
| Bahasa | Senyap (antaratajuk Inggeris) |
| Bajet | AS$97 |
Tidak seperti kebanyakan filem eksperimen, ia menerima tayangan meluas oleh FBO Pictures Corporation di lebih 700 teater di Amerika Utara dan Eropah. Filem ini telah diterima baik oleh pengkritik kontemporari dan masa kini; menurut ahli sejarah filem Brian Taves, "Lebih daripada mana-mana filem Amerika lain, ia memulakan avant-garde di negara ini".[1] Pada tahun 1997, ia telah dipilih untuk dipelihara oleh Pejabat Pendaftaran Filem Kebangsaan.[2][3] Florey menulis dan mengarahkan bersama Hollywood Boulevard (1936), versi filem yang lebih ringan.
Rujukan sunting
Nota kaki sunting
- ^ Taves 1998
- ^ "Complete National Film Registry Listing". Library of Congress. Dicapai pada May 4, 2020.
- ^ "New to the National Film Registry". www.loc.gov – Library of Congress Information Bulletin. December 1997. Dicapai pada July 22, 2020.
Bibliografi sunting
- Allen, Richard (1983). "The Life and Death of 9413, a Hollywood Extra". Framework: The Journal of Cinema & Media. Detroit]: Wayne State University Press. 21.[pautan mati]
- Bawden, Liz-Anne, penyunting (1976). The Oxford Companion to Film. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192115413.
- Chung, Hye Seung (2006). Hollywood Asian: Philip Ahn and the Politics of Cross-Ethnic Performance. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 1592135161.
- Dixon, Wheeler Winston (2015). "The 1940s: A Black-and-White World". Black and White Cinema: A Short History. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0813572413.
- Eagan, Daniel (2010). America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0826429773.
- Erickson, Glenn (June 29, 2005). "Avant Garde – Experimental Cinema of the 1920s & 1930s". DVD Talk. Dicapai pada November 14, 2015.
- Glassgold, C. Adolph (1928). "9413". The Arts. New York City: The Arts Publishing Corporation.
- Giovacchini, Saverio (2001). "Modernism, Intellectual Immigrants, and the Rebirth of Hollywood". Hollywood Modernism: Film and Politics in the Age of the New Deal. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 1566398630.
- Jacobs, Lewis (2002). "Experimental Cinema in America: Part One: 1921–1941". Dalam Smoodin, Eric; Martin, Ann (penyunting). Hollywood Quarterly: Film Culture in Postwar America, 1945–1957. Oakland, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0520232747.
- James, David E. (2001). "Hollywood Extras: One Tradition of "Avant-Garde" Film in Los Angeles". Dalam Posner, Bruce Charles (penyunting). Unseen Cinema: Early American Avant-Garde Film 1893–1941. New York City: Anthology Film Archives. ISBN 0962818178.
- James, David E. (2005). The Most Typical Avant-Garde: History and Geography of Minor Cinemas in Los Angeles. Oakland, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0520242580.
- Krinsky, Tamara (November 30, 2005). "'Unseen Cinema' Unveiled: Seven-DVD Set of Early Avant-Garde Rarities Released Through Image Entertainment". International Documentary Association. Dicapai pada November 14, 2015.
- Merritt, Greg (2000). Celluloid Mavericks: A History of American Independent Film Making. New York City: Thunder's Mouth Press. ISBN 1560252324.
- Moritz, William (1996). "Visual Music and Film-as-an-Art before 1950". On the Edge of America: California Modernist Art, 1900–1950. Oakland, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0520088506.
- Posner, Bruce (2001). Unseen Cinema: Early American Avant-Garde Film 1893–1941. New York City: Anthology Film Archives. ISBN 0962818178.
- Slide, Anthony (2012). Hollywood Unknowns: A History of Extras, Bit Players, and Stand-Ins. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1617034749.
- Spears, Jack (April 1960). "Robert Florey". Films in Review. New York City: National Board of Review of Motion Pictures. 11.
- Taves, Brian (May 1984). "Early Years, 1900–1928". Robert Florey: The French Expressionist: A Critical Biography (Thesis). University of Southern California. Docket Cin '84 T234 3075H3.63. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada March 4, 2016. Dicapai pada November 13, 2015.
- Taves, Brian (1987). Robert Florey: The French Expressionist. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0810819295.
- Taves, Brian (1998). "Robert Florey and the Hollywood Avant-Garde". Lovers of Cinema: The First American Film Avant-Garde, 1919–1945. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0299146847.
- Taves, Brian (2001). "Robert Florey and the Hollywood Avant-Garde". Unseen Cinema: Early American Avant-Garde Film 1893–1941. New York City: Anthology Film Archives. ISBN 0962818178.
- Watson, J. S. Jr. (January 1929). "The Amateur Takes Leadership: How Experimenters, in Circumventing Production Difficulties, Have Achieved the Greatest Cinematic Advance Since 'The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari'". Movie Makers. New York City: Amateur Cinema League Inc. 4 (1).
- Weinberg, Herman G. (January 1929). "A Paradox of the Photoplay: A Professional Turns Amateur and Wins Professional Status". Movie Makers. New York City: Amateur Cinema League Inc. 4 (1).
- Zecević, Bozidar (1983). "Archeology of a Film Extra: Slavko Vorkapich: A Hollywood Extra". Framework: The Journal of Cinema & Media. Detroit: Wayne State University Press (21).[pautan mati]
- Zimmerman, Patricia R. (1995). Reel Families: A Social History of Amateur Film. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253209447.
Pautan luar sunting
- The Life and Death of 9413: A Hollywood Extra by Brian Taves on the National Film Registry website
- The Life and Death of 9413: a Hollywood Extra di Pangkalan Data Filem Internet (IMDb)
- The Life and Death of 9413: A Hollywood Extra on SilentEra.com
- The life and death of 9413 a Hollywood extra / with original music di YouTube