Wikipedia

Alfred Rosenberg

Alfred Ernst Rosenberg (Mengenai audio inilisten (bantuan·maklumat)) (12 Januari 1893 – 16 Oktober 1946) ialah seorang anggota terawal Parti Nazi dan berpengaruh intelektual. Rosenberg mula-mula diperkenalkan pada Adolf Hitler oleh Dietrich Eckart; beliau kemudian memegang beberapa jawatan penting dalam kerajaan Nazi. Beliau dianggap salah seorang penulis utama kepercayaan ideologi Nazi yang penting, termasuk teori perkaumannya, penindasan Yahudi, Lebensraum, pembatalan Persetiaan Versailles, dan tentangan terhadap "kemerosotan" seni moden. Beliau juga dikenali kerana menolak agama Kristian, serta memainkan peranan penting dalam membangunkan Kristian Positif, yang beliau cadangkan untuk menjadi peralihan bagi kepercayaan baru Nazi. Di Nuremberg beliau telah dibicarakan, dijatuhi hukuman gantung sampai mati kerana jenayah perang dan jenayah terhadap kemanusiaan.

Alfred Rosenberg
Alfred Rosenberg pada Januari 1941, gambar oleh Heinrich Hoffmann
Pemimpin Jabatan Polisi Luar Negara NSDAP
Dalam jawatan
1933–1945
Didahului olehJawatan diwujudkan
Digantikan olehTiada
Komisar bagi Penyeliaan Intelektual dan Pendidikan Ideologi NSDAP (aka Rosenberg office)
Dalam jawatan
1934–1945
Didahului olehJawatan diwujudkan
Digantikan olehTiada
Menteri Wilayah Taklukan Timur Reich
Dalam jawatan
1941–1945
PresidenAdolf Hitler (Führer)
CanselorAdolf Hitler (Führer)
Didahului olehJawatan diwujudkan
Digantikan olehTiada
Reichsleiter
Dalam jawatan
2 Jun 1933 – 8 Mei 1945
PemimpinAdolf Hitler
Butiran peribadi
LahirAlfred Ernst Rosenberg
(1893-01-12)12 Januari 1893
Reval, Estonia, Empayar Rusia
Meninggal dunia16 Oktober 1946(1946-10-16) (umur 53)
Nuremberg, Jerman
(Dihukum gantung sampai mati)
KerakyatanJerman
Parti politikParti Buruh Jerman Sosialis Nasional (Parti Nazi)
PasanganHilda Leesmann
(1915–1923; cerai)
Hedwig Kramer
(1925–1946)
Anak-anak2
Alma materInstitut Politeknik Riga
Universiti Teknikal Moscow
ProfesionArkitek, ahli politik, penulis
KabinetKabinet Hitler
Tandatangan

Kehidupan awal sunting

Parti Nazi sunting

Teori perkauman sunting

Teori keagamaan sunting

Aktiviti masa perang sunting

Penulisan sunting

  • Unmoral im Talmud, 1920, Ernst Boepple's Deutscher Volksverlag, Munich ("Immorality in the Talmud")
  • Das Verbrechen der Freimaurerei: Judentum, Jesuitismus, Deutsches Christentum, 1921 ("The Crime of Freemasonry: Judaism, Jesuitism, German Christianity")
  • Wesen, Grundsätze und Ziele der Nationalsozialistischen Deutschen Arbeiterpartei, 1922, Ernst Boepple's Deutscher Volksverlag, Munich ("Being, principles, and goals of the National Socialist German Worker's Party")
  • Pest in Russland. Der Bolschewismus, seine Häupter, Handlanger und Opfer, 1922, Ernst Boepple's Deutscher Volksverlag, Munich ("The Plague in Russia. Bolshevism, its heads, henchmen, and victims")
  • Bolschewismus, Hunger, Tod, 1922, Ernst Boepple's Deutscher Volksverlag, Munich ("Bolshevism, hunger, death")
  • Die Protokolle der Weisen von Zion und die jüdische Weltpolitik, 1923 ("The Protocols of the Elders of Zion and the Jewish World Politics")
  • The Jewish Bolshevism, Britons Pub. Society, 1923, together with Ernst Boepple
  • Der Mythus des 20. Jahrhunderts, 1930 ("The Myth of the 20th Century")
  • Dietrich Eckhart. Ein Vermächtnis, 1935 ("Dietrich Eckhart: A Legacy")
  • An die Dunkelmänner unserer Zeit. Eine Antwort auf die Angriffe gegen den „Mythus des 20. Jahrhunderts“, 1937 ("The Obscurantists of Our Time: A Response to the Attacks Against 'The Myth of the 20th Century'")
  • Protestantische Rompilger. Der Verrat an Luther und der „Mythus des 20. Jahrhunderts“, 1937 ("Protestant Rome Pilgrims: The Betrayal of Luther and the 'Myth of the 20th Century'")

Diari sunting

Rosenberg's handwritten diary, which had been used in evidence during the Nuremberg trials went missing after the war along with other material which had been given to the prosecutor Robert Kempner. It was recovered in Lewiston, New York on June 13, 2013. Written on 400 loose-leaf pages, with entries dating from 1936 through 1944, it is now the property of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington. The Museum's senior archivist Henry Mayer was able to access the material and while 'not given enough time to read any diary entry from beginning to end' he 'could see that Rosenberg focused on certain subjects, including brutality against Jews and other ethnic groups and forcing the civilian population of occupied Russia to serve Germany'. Meyer also noted Rosenberg's 'hostile comments about Nazi leaders' which he described as 'unvarnished'. While some parts of the manuscript had been previously published, the majority had been lost for decades. The New York Times said of the search for the missing manuscript that, "the tangled journey of the diary could itself be the subject of a television mini-series.

Lihat juga sunting

Rujukan sunting

  • Bollmus, Reinhard (1970). Das Amt Rosenberg und seine Gegner: Studien zum Machtkampf im Nationalsozialistichen Herrschaftssystem. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt.
  • Cecil, Robert (1972). The Myth of the Master Race: Alfred Rosenberg and Nazi Ideology. Dodd Mead & Co. ISBN 0-396-06577-5.
  • Chandler, Albert R. (1945). Rosenberg's Nazi Myth. Greenwood Press.
  • Gilbert, G. M. (1995). Nuremberg Diary. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80661-4.
  • Goldensohn, Leon (2004). Nuremberg Interviews. Knopf. ISBN 0-375-41469-X.
  • Kellogg, Michael. (2005). The Russian Roots of Nazism White Émigrés and the Making of National Socialism,. Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-521-07005-8.
  • Nova, Fritz (1986). Alfred Rosenberg: Nazi Theorist of the Holocaust. Buccaneer Books. ISBN 0-87052-222-1.
  • Speer, Albert (1971) [1969]. Inside the Third Reich. New York: Avon. ISBN 978-0-380-00071-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Rosenberg, Alfred (1930). Der Mythus des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts.
  • Rothfeder, Herbert P. (1963). A Study of Alfred Rosenberg's Organization for National Socialist Ideology (Michigan, Phil. Diss. 1963). University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.
  • Rothfeder, Herbert P. (1981). Amt Schrifttumspflege: A Study in Literary Control, in: German Studies Review. Vol. IV, Nr. 1, Febr. 1981, p. 63–78.
  • Steigmann-Gall, Richard, (2003). The Holy Reich: Nazi Conceptions of Christianity. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82371-4.CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Whisker, James B. (1990). The Philosophy of Alfred Rosenberg. Noontide Press. ISBN 0-939482-25-8.

Pautan luar sunting

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