Frederick Douglass: Perbezaan antara semakan
Kandungan dihapus Kandungan ditambah
Pengembangan I |
Tiada ringkasan suntingan |
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Baris 9:
|predecessor = [[John E. W. Thompson]]
|successor = [[John Stephens Durham]]
|birth_date = {{circa}}
|birth_place = [[Cordova, Maryland|Cordova]], [[Maryland]], Amerika Syarikat
|death_date = {{Death date|1895|2|20}} (berusia <!--about -->77 tahun)
Baris 18:
|spouse = {{marriage|[[Anna Murray-Douglass|Anna Murray]]|1838|1882|end=meninggal}}<br />{{marriage|[[Helen Pitts Douglass|Helen Pitts]]|1884}}
|children = 5
|parents = Harriet Bailey (ibu)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/freedom/1609-1865/essays/aafamilies.htm |title=How Slavery Affected African American Families, Freedom's Story, TeacherServe®, National Humanities Center |publisher=National Humanities Center |date= |accessdate=31 Oktober 2012}}</ref><br>Anthony
|signature = Frederickdouglasssignature.png
}}
Baris 45:
==Awal hidup==
===Dalam perhambaan===
Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey lahir dalam [[Perhambaan di Amerika Syarikat|keluarga hamba]] di sebuah ladang antara [[Hillsboro, Maryland|Hillsboro]]<ref name="Narrative"
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=k5c1THo4xpUC&pg=PA16&q=autobiography%20frederick%20douglass
| title = Narrative of the Life of an American Slave
| author = Frederick Douglass
| year = 1845
| accessdate = January 8, 2012
| isbn = 9781606209639
}}</ref> dan [[Cordova, Maryland|Cordova]] di pesisiran timur [[Teluk Chesapeake]], Kaunti Talbot, Maryland.
Beliau berdarah campur - ibunya keturunan kacukan [[Orang Asli Amerika|Asli Amerika]] dan Afrika serta juga Eropah,<ref name=pbs-WGBH>{{cite web|title=Who is Black? One Nation's Definition|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/jefferson/mixed/onedrop.html|work=Frontline |publisher=WGBH |accessdate=27 November 2015|ref=pbs-WGBH}}</ref> manakala ayahnya "jelasnya orang kulit putih" menurut sejarawan [[David W. Blight]]<ref name="gopnik76">{{cite news|first1=Adam|last1=Gopnik|title=American Prophet|work=[[The New Yorker]]|date=15 Oktober 2018|page=76}}</ref> Beliau dipisahkan daripada ibu kandungnya pada usia kecil, dan hidup bersama neneknya, Betty Bailey. Beliau dipindahkan ke ladang Wye House pada usia enam tahun.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hstc.org/museum-gardens/frederick-douglass|title="Frederick Douglass", The Historical Society of Talbot County, Maryland|access-date=22 Disember 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222223221/http://www.hstc.org/museum-gardens/frederick-douglass|archive-date=December 22, 2016|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Selepas mandor peladangan itu meninggal dunia, Frederick diserahkan kepada keluarga Auld di mana beliau dibawa untuk mengerjakan ladang milik Hugh Auld di [[Baltimore]]; beliau menyatakan keadaan di sana di mana beliau diberikan layanan lebih baik daripada di ladang-ladang sebelumnya.<ref name="gopnik76"/>
Baris 75 ⟶ 82:
|doi = 10.2307/2507394
}}
</ref> namun Douglass meletakkan kedua-dua jawatan ini pada Julai 1891.<ref name=Chesebrough>
{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/?id=BHZKP9jEd2EC&pg=PA78&q=haiti%20douglass%20columbian
|title = Frederick Douglass: Oratory from Slavery
Baris 83 ⟶ 90:
| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
| accessdate = 25 April 2016|isbn = 9780313302879
}}</ref>
==Senja hidup==
Baris 95 ⟶ 102:
*[https://books.google.com/books/about/In_the_Words_of_Frederick_Douglass.html?id=34qDZwEACAAJ ''In the Words of Frederick Douglass: Quotations from Liberty's Champion'']. Disunting oleh John R. McKivigan dan Heather L. Kaufman. Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press, 2012. {{ISBN|978-0-8014-4790-7}}
==Nota==
<references group="nota"/>
==Rujukan==
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