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'''Sains perpustakaan''' (sering disebut '''kajian perpustakaan''', '''bibliotekografi''', '''ekonomi perpustakaan''') adalah [[Antaradisiplin|bidang antaradisiplin]] atau [[Antaradisiplin|multidisiplin]] yang menggunakan amalan, perspektif, dan alat [[pengurusan]], [[teknologi maklumat]], [[pendidikan]], dan bidang lain untuk [[perpustakaan]] ; pengumpulan, organisasi, pemeliharaan dan penyebaran sumber maklumat; dan ekonomi politik maklumat. Martin Schrettinger, seorang pustakawan Bavaria, mencipta disiplin dalam karyanya (1808-1828) ''Versuch eines vollständigen Lehrbuchs der Bibliothek-Wissenschaft oder Anleitung zur vollkommenen Geschäftsführung eines Bibliothekars''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz79181.html|title=Deutsche Biographie – Schrettinger, Martin|website=www.deutsche-biographie.de|access-date=2016-03-31}}</ref> Daripada mengklasifikasikan maklumat berdasarkan unsur-unsur yang berorientasikan alam, seperti yang pernah dilakukan di perpustakaan Bavarian, Schrettinger menganjurkan buku-buku dalam susunan abjad.<ref>Buckland, M (2005, June 12). Information schools: a monk, library science, and the information age. Retrieved from http://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~buckland/huminfo.pdf.</ref> Sekolah Amerika pertama untuk sains perpustakaan diasaskan oleh Melvil Dewey di [[Universiti Columbia]] pada tahun 1887.<ref name="oclc"><cite class="citation web">[http://www.oclc.org/dewey/resources/biography/ "Dewey Resources"]. OCLC. 2014.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref><ref name="deutsche">Versuch eines vollständigen Lehrbuchs der Bibliothek-Wissenschaft. Oder, Anleitung zur vollkommenen Geschäftsführung eines Bibliothekars. In wissenschaftlicher Form abgefasst. München. (2 bind).Google books: Bd 1: http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nnc1.cu08321752 ; Bd 2: http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nnc1.cu08321760</ref>
Dari segi sejarah, sains perpustakaan juga termasuk sains arkib.<ref name="harris"><{{cite class="citation book">Harris, Michael|url= H.|title (1995).= ''History of Libraries in the Western World. 4th ed. Lanham, Maryland 3 – "The distinction between a library and an archive is relatively modern"'' |first=Michael H. |last=Harris |year=1995 |publisher=Scarecrow.</cite><templatestyles src|isbn="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> |page= |quote= }}</ref> Ini termasuk bagaimana sumber maklumat disediakan untuk memenuhi keperluan kumpulan pengguna terpilih, bagaimana orang berinteraksi dengan sistem klasifikasi dan teknologi, bagaimana maklumat diperoleh, dinilai dan diterapkan oleh orang di dalam dan di luar perpustakaan serta bersilang kultur, bagaimana orang terlatih dan berpendidikan untuk kerjaya di perpustakaan, [[etika]] yang membimbing perkhidmatan dan organisasi perpustakaan, status undang-undang perpustakaan dan sumber maklumat, dan sains gunaan teknologi komputer yang digunakan dalam dokumentasi dan [[pengurusan rekod]].
Tidak ada perbezaan yang dipersetujui secara umum antara istilah ''sains perpustakaan'', dan ''pustakawan'', dan pada tahap tertentu mereka boleh dipertukarkan, mungkin berbeza-beza yang paling ketara dalam konotasi. Istilah ''sains perpustakaan atau kajian perpustakaan'' (LIS) paling sering digunakan;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ala.org/accreditedprograms/faq|title=Accreditation Frequently Asked Questions:What is the difference between the MLS, the MILS, the MLIS, etc.?|date=2017|website=American Library Association|publisher=American Library Association|access-date=2017-03-08}}</ref> kebanyakan pustakawan menganggapnya sebagai hanya variasi terminologi, bertujuan untuk menekankan asas saintifik dan teknikal subjek dan hubungannya dengan sains maklumat. LIS tidak boleh dikelirukan dengan [[teori maklumat]], kajian matematik tentang konsep maklumat. ''Falsafah perpustakaan'' telah dibezakan dengan ''sains perpustakaan'' sebagai kajian matlamat dan justifikasi pustakawan berbanding dengan pembangunan dan penghalusan teknik.<ref name="cossette"oclc><{{cite class="citationweb book">Cossette,|url Andre= (2009)http://www.oclc.org/dewey/resources/biography/ ''Humanism|author= and|title=Dewey Libraries:Resources An|publisher=OCLC Essay|year on= the2014 Philosophy|accessdate= of Librarianship''. Duluth, MN: Library Juice Press.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>}}</ref>
== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist}}
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<ref name=deutsche>Versuch eines vollständigen Lehrbuchs der Bibliothek-Wissenschaft. Oder, Anleitung zur vollkommenen Geschäftsführung eines Bibliothekars. In wissenschaftlicher Form abgefasst. München. (2 bind).Google books: Bd 1: http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nnc1.cu08321752 ; Bd 2: http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nnc1.cu08321760</ref>
<ref name=harris>{{cite book |url= |title = History of Libraries in the Western World. 4th ed. Lanham, Maryland 3 – "The distinction between a library and an archive is relatively modern" |first=Michael H. |last=Harris |year=1995 |publisher=Scarecrow |isbn= |page= |quote= }}</ref>
<ref name=cossette>{{cite book |url= |title = Humanism and Libraries: An Essay on the Philosophy of Librarianship |first=Andre |last=Cossette |year=2009 |location=Duluth, MN |publisher = Library Juice Press |isbn= |page= |quote= }}</ref>
<ref name=loc>{{cite web |url = https://www.loc.gov/about/history-of-the-library/ |author= |title = History of the Library |publisher= |date= |accessdate= }}</ref>
<ref name=rangan>{{cite book |url= |title=Colon Classification. 7th Edition. Revised and expanded by M.A. Gopinath |first=S. R. |last=Ranganathan |year=1987 |publisher= |isbn= |page= |quote= }}</ref>
<ref name=codef>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Code_for_classifiers.html?id=9sCdQ9JBxQQC&redir_esc=y |title=Code for classifiers: principles governing the consistent placing of books in a system of classification |first= |last= |year= |publisher= |isbn= |page= |quote= }}</ref>
<ref name=rubin>{{cite book|last=Rubin|first=Richard E.|title=Foundations of Library and Information Science|year=2010|publisher=Neal-Schuman Publishers|location=New York|pages=84–85}}</ref>
<ref name=rubin2>{{cite book|last=Rubin|first=Richard E|title=Foundations of Library and Information Science|year=2010|publisher=Neal-Schuman Publishers|location=New York|isbn=978-1555706906|page=1}}</ref>
<ref name=ala>{{cite web|url=http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/informationliteracycompetency#ildef |author= |title=Information Literacy Defined |publisher= |date= |accessdate= }}</ref>
<ref name=usnews>{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/features/business/best-careers/best-careers-2008.html |author= |title=Best Careers. U.S. News & World Report |publisher= |date= |accessdate= |archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20071222110902/http://www.usnews.com/features/business/best-careers/best-careers-2008.html|archivedate =2007-12-22|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
<ref name="bls-2017">{{cite web|url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/librarians.htm |author= |title=Occupational Outlook Handbook: Librarians |publisher=Bureau of Labor Statistics |date= |accessdate=2018-08-09}}</ref>
<ref name="bls-geographical breakdown">{{cite web|url=https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes254021.htm#st |author= |title=Occupational Employment Statistics: Librarians |publisher=Bureau of Labor Statistics |date= |accessdate=2018-08-09}}</ref>
<ref name="OOH-2010-11">U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11
Library Edition, Bulletin 2800. Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.</ref>
<ref name=gordon>{{cite book |url= |title= The men among us. Library Journal, 129(11), 49 |first=R. S. |last=Gordon |year=2004 |publisher= |isbn= |page= |quote= }}</ref>
<ref name=wiebe>{{cite book |url= |title=Issues faced by male librarians: Stereotypes, perceptions, and career ramifications |first=T. J. |last=Wiebe |year=2004 |publisher=Colorado Libraries |isbn= |pages=11–13 |quote= }}</ref>
<ref name=wiebel>{{cite book |url= |title=The Role of women in librarianship, 1876–1976: the entry, advancement, and struggle for equalization in one profession. |last1=Weibel|first1=Kathleen| first2=Kathleen|last2= de la Peña McCook|first3=Dianne J. |last3=Ellsworth |year=1979 |publisher=Phoenix, Ariz: Oryx Press }}</ref>
<ref name=hilden>{{cite book |url= |title=Reclaiming the American library past: writing the women in |first=Suzanne |last=Hildenbrand |year=1996 |publisher=Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Pub |isbn= |page= |quote= }}</ref>
<ref name=thomison>Thomison, p. 280 ''The death of her husband had forced Theresa Elmendorf to end her unpaid status, and for the next 20 years she held the position of vice-librarian at the Buffalo Public Library. Her new role also meant an increased participation in the American Library Association; in 1911–12 she served as its President, the first woman to hold that position.''</ref>
<ref name=ala2>''Bulletin of the American Library Association'', vol. 6, no. 4.</ref>
<ref name="libr.org">{{cite web|url=http://libr.org/ftf/ |author= |title=The Feminist Task Force |publisher= |date= |accessdate= }}</ref>
<ref name=ala3>{{cite web|url=http://www.ala.org/offices/hrdr/abouthrdr/hrdrliaisoncomm/statusofwomen/committeestatus |author= |title=American Library Association, Committee on the Status of Women in Librarianship: |publisher= |date= |accessdate= }}</ref>
<ref name=mess>Kathleen de la Peña McCook and Katharine Phenix, ''On Account of Sex: An Annotated Bibliography on the History of Women in Librarianship, 1977–1981'' (Chicago: ALA, 1984) Katharine Phenix and Kathleen de la Peña McCook (1982–1986) (Chicago: ALA, 1989); later years by Lori A Goetsch; Sarah Watstein (1987–1992) (Metuchen: Scarecrow Press, 1993) Betsy Kruger; Catherine A Larson; Allison A Cowgill (1993–1997) Metuchen: Scarecrow Press, 2000).</ref>
<!-- <ref name=groupw>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lb5m-OO20EsC&pg=PA325&lpg=PA325&dq=RASD+Discussion+Group+on+Women's+Materials&source=bl&ots=CsPTx1L9El&sig=MLvfRD_aRxPqs0s9G9m3e_EzHrY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=B3EPU-GqDeXp0AGLxoHoBg&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=RASD%20Discussion%20Group%20on%20Women's%20Materials&f=false |title=Keeping the Faith: The Public Library's Commitment to Adult Education |first= |last= |year= |publisher= |isbn= |page= |quote= }}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=ala4>{{cite web|url=http://www.ala.org/llama/llama-women-administrators-discussion-group |author= |title=LLAMA Women Administrators Discussion Group |publisher= |date= |accessdate= }}</ref> -->
<ref name=libr>{{cite web|url=http://www.libr.org/wgss/ |author= |title=Women & Gender Studies Section (WGSS) of the Association of College & Research Libraries |publisher= |date= |accessdate= }}</ref>
<ref name=ala5>{{cite web|url=http://www.ala.org/aboutala/governance/policymanual/updatedpolicymanual/section2/53intellfreedom#B.2.1.15 |author= |title=B.2.1.15 Access to Library Resources and Services Regardless of Sex, Gender Identity, Gender Expression, or Sexual Orientation (Old Number 53.1.15) |publisher= |date= |accessdate= }}</ref>
<ref name=ala6>{{cite web|url=http://www.ala.org/aboutala/governance/policymanual/updatedpolicymanual/section2/53intellfreedom#B.2.12 |author= |title=B.2.12 Threats to Library Materials Related to Sex, Gender Identity, or Sexual Orientation (Old Number 53.12) |publisher= |date= |accessdate= }}</ref>
<ref name=ala7>{{cite web|url=http://www.ala.org/ascla/asclaissues/libraryservices |author= |title=Library services for people with disabilities policy |publisher=American Library Association |date=2012 |accessdate= }}</ref>
<ref name=ala8>{{cite web|url=http://www.ala.org/advocacy/intfreedom/librarybill/interpretations/servicespeopledisabilities |author= |title=Library Bill Of Rights |publisher= |date= |accessdate= }}</ref>
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<ref name=day>{{cite book |url= |title=Guidelines for library services to deaf people (Report no. 62) |first=J. M. |last=Day |year=2000 |publisher=The Hague: International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions |isbn= |page= |quote= }}</ref>
<ref name=hollander>{{cite book |url= |title=Deaf-advocacy at Queens Borough PL. American Libraries, 26(6) |first=P. |last=Hollander |year=1995 |publisher= |isbn= |pages=560–562 |quote= }}</ref>
<ref name=harringt>{{cite book |url= |title=The Deaf collection at the Gallaudet University Library. Education Libraries, 22(3) |first=T.R. |last=Harrington |year=1998 |publisher= |isbn= |pages=5–12 |quote= }}</ref>
<ref name=cohen>{{cite book |url= |title=Have you heard about the Library Services for the Deaf & Hard of Hearing? Tennessee Libraries, 56(1) |first=S. |last=Cohen |year=2006 |publisher= |isbn= |pages=51–56 |quote= }}</ref>
<ref name=hoetz>{{cite book |url=http://www.rchoetzlein.com/quanta |title=The Organization of Human Knowledge: Systems for Interdisciplinary Research |first=R. |last=Hoetzlein |year=2007 |publisher=Rchoetzlein.com |isbn= |page= |quote= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114162543/http://www.rchoetzlein.com/quanta/ |archivedate=2009-01-14 |df= }}</ref>
<ref name=mccook2>{{cite book |url= |title=Introduction to Public Librarianship |first=Kathleen de la Peña |last=McCook |year=2011 |publisher=Neal-Schuman |isbn= |page=65 |quote= }}</ref>}}
== Pautan luar ==
* {{ CommonscatinlineCommonscat-inline|Library and information science}} ▼
▲* {{Commonscatinline|Library and information science}}
* [http://www.lisnews.org LISNews.org] - berita pustakawan dan maklumat sains
* [http://www.liswire.com LISWire.com] - [http://www.liswire.com koperasi] sains pustakawan dan maklumat
* {{Dmoz|Reference/Libraries/Library_and_Information_Science|Library and Information Science}}
[[Kategori:Sains perpustakaan dan maklumat]]
[[Kategori:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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