Penjarakan fizikal: Perbezaan antara semakan

[[FileFail:Covid-19-curves-graphic-social-v2-ms-MY.gif|thumb|upright=1.6|Pencegahan puncak tajam jangkitan, dikenali sebagai meratakan [[lengkung wabak]], menghalang perkhidmatan penjagaan kesihatan daripada sesak, dan juga membekalkan lebih masa bagi vaksin/rawatan untuk dikembangkan. Penyebaran jangkitan dalam rangka masa yang lebih panjang membenarkan perkhidmatan penjagaan kesihatan mengurus jumlah pesakit dengan lebih baik.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wiles |first1=Siouxsie |title=The three phases of Covid-19 – and how we can make it manageable |url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/09-03-2020/the-three-phases-of-covid-19-and-how-we-can-make-it-manageable/ |language=en |website=The Spinoff |accessdate=9 MarchMac 2020 |date=9 MarchMac 2020}}</ref><ref name=Lancet2020Flatten>{{Cite journal|last=Anderson|first=Roy M.|last2=Heesterbeek|first2=Hans|last3=Klinkenberg|first3=Don|last4=Hollingsworth|first4=T. Déirdre|date=9 March 2020|title=How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic?|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30567-5/abstract|journal=The Lancet|language=Englishen|volume=0|issue=10228|pages=931–934|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30567-5|issn=0140-6736|pmid=32164834|quote=A key issue for epidemiologists is helping policy makers decide the main objectives of mitigation—e.g., minimising morbidity and associated mortality, avoiding an epidemic peak that overwhelms health-care services, keeping the effects on the economy within manageable levels, and flattening the epidemic curve to wait for vaccine development and manufacture on scale and antiviral drug therapies.}}</ref>]]

[[FileFail:Covid-19-curves-graphic2-stopthespread-v3-ms.gif|thumb|upright=1.6|Alternatif kepada meratakan lengkung<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wiles |first1=Siouxsie |title=After 'Flatten the Curve', we must now 'Stop the Spread'. Here's what that means |url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/14-03-2020/after-flatten-the-curve-we-must-now-stop-the-spread-heres-what-that-means/ |language=en |website=The Spinoff |access-date=13 MarchMac 2020 |date=14 MarchMac 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Anderson RM, Heesterbeek H, Klinkenberg D, Hollingsworth TD | title = How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic? |language=en | journal = The Lancet | date = MarchMac 2020 | volume = 395 | issue = 10228 | pages = 931–934 | pmid = 32164834 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30567-5 }}</ref>]]

'''Penjarakan sosial''' ({{small|Mal., Sin.}}) atau '''pembatasan sosial''' ({{small|Ind., Sin.}}; {{lang-en|social distancing}}) ialah seaturan tindakan [[kawalan jangkitan]] tidak melibatkan sebarang [[farmaseutikal|rawatan perubatan]] yang bertujuan untuk menghentikan atau memperlahankan penyebaran suatu [[jangkitan|penyakit berjangkit]]. Objektif penjarakan sosial adalah untuk mengurangkan kebarangkalian bersentuh antara orang membawa suatu jangkitan, dan mereka lain yang tidak terjangkit, agar untuk mengurangkan [[penularan penyakit]], morbiditi dan akhirnya, [[Kadar kematian|kematian]].<ref name="JohnsonSunFreedman 2020">{{cite web | last=Johnson | first=Carolyn Y. | last2=Sun | first2=Lena | last3=Freedman | first3=Andrew | title=Social distancing could buy U.S. valuable time against coronavirus |language=en | website=The Washington Post | date=2020-03-10 Mac 2020 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/03/10/social-distancing-coronavirus/ | access-date=11 Mac 2020-03-11}}</ref><ref>[https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/bc/content/shared/english/safety/pandemic-planning-social-distancing.pdf?lang=eng Pandemic Planning - Social Distancing Fact Sheet]</ref>

Penjarakan sosial adalah yang paling berkesan apabila suatu jangkitan dapat ditularkan melalui sentuhan titisan (batuk atau bersin); sentuhan fizikal langsung, termasuk sentuhan seks; sentuhan fizikal tidak langsung (contohnya dengan menyentuh permukaan tercemar seperti [[fomit]]); atau [[Penyakit bawaan udara|penularaan bawaan udara]] (jika mikroorganisma dapat bertahan dalam udara dalam tempoh yang lama).<ref>[http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/sites/default/files/public/php/185/185_factsheet_social_distancing.pdf "Information about Social Distancing"], (dalam bahasa Inggeris) Santa Clara Public Health Department.</ref>

Penjarakan sosial boleh jadi kurang berkesan dalam kes di mana jangkita ditularkan terutamanya melalui [[penularan tinja-mulut|air atau makanan tercemar]] atau melalui [[Vektor (epidemiologi)|vektor]] seperti nyamuk atau serangga lain, dan kurang kerap dari orang ke orang.<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/pdf/community_mitigation-sm.pdf "Interim Pre-Pandemic Planning Guidance: Community Strategy for Pandemic Influenza Mitigation in the United States—Early, Targeted, Layered Use of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions"], (dalam bahasa Inggeris) CDC, FebruaryFebruari 2007</ref> Kelemahan penjarakan sosial termasuk [[kesepian]], [[daya pengeluaran]] berkurang, dan kehilangan manfaat lain berkait dengan [[interaksi manusia]].

Dalam sejarah, [[perkampungan pesakit kusta]] dan [[lazaretto]] didirikan sebagai cara mencegah penyebaran [[penyakit kusta]] dan penyakit berjangkit yang lain melalui penjarakan sosial,<ref>Charles Léon Souvay, [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_%281913%29/Leprosy "Leprosy"], (dalam bahasa Inggeris) ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' (1913), Volume 9.</ref> sehingga penularan difahami dan rawatan berkesan dicipta.

* Harry Stevens, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/world/corona-simulator Why outbreaks like coronavirus spread exponentially, and how to 'flatten the curve'], (dalam bahasa Inggeris) ''[[The Washington Post]]'', 14 MarchMac 2020

*[https://www.bbc.com/news/av/health-51966112/coronavirus-what-is-social-distancing What is social distancing?] (dalam bahasa Inggeris) [[BBC]], Laura Foster, 20 MarchMac 2020