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Baris 1: [[File:Asian Financial Crisis EN-2009-05-05.png\|thumb\|350px\|Negara-negara yang paling terjejas teruk akibat krisis kewangan Asia 1997]] '''Krisis Kewangan Asia''' ialah krisis kewangan yang bermula pada Julai 1997 di [[Thailand]], dan mempengaruhi [[mata wang]], [[bursa saham]] dan harga aset lainnya di beberapa negara Asia. Ia juga sering disebut '''Krisis mata wang Asia'''. Baris 10 ⟶ 11: Krisis Asia bermula pada pertengahan [[1997]] dan mempengaruhi mata wang, pasaran saham dan harga aset beberapa ekonomi [[Asia Tenggara]]. Bermula dengan kejadian di [[Amerika Selatan]], pelabur Barat kehilangan kepercayaan terhadap keamanan di Asia Timur dan mulai menarik kembali wang pelaburan mereka. ==Negara yang terjejas== === Thailand === Baris 23 ⟶ 24: Pada Oktober 1997, [[dolar Hong Kong]], yang ditambat 7.8 kepada dolar Amerika Syarikat (AS), mendapatkan tekanan spekulatif kerana inflasi Hong Kong lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan Amerika Syarikat selama bertahun-tahun. Pejabat kewangan menghabiskan lebih dari US$1 juta untuk mempertahankan mata wang tempatan. Meskipun adanya serangan spekulasi, [[Hong Kong]] masih dapat mengatur [[mata wang]]nya ditambat ke dolar AS. Bursa saham menjadi tidak stabil, di antara 20 sehingga 23 Oktober, [[Index Hang Seng]] menjunam 23%. Pada 15 Ogos 1997, suku bunga Hong Kong naik dari 8 % ke 23 % dalam satu malam. === Korea Selatan === [[Korea Selatan]] ~~adalah~~ialah ekonomi terbesar ke-11 dunia. Dasar [[makro ekonomi]]nya bagus namun sektor banknya dibebani pinjaman. Hutang berlebihan menyebabkan kepada kegagalan besar dan pengambil alihan. Contohnya, pada Julai, pembuat [[kereta]] ketiga terbesar Korea, [[Kia Motors]] meminta pinjaman darurat. Di awal penurunan pasaran Asia, [[Moody's]] menurunkan rating kredit Korea Selatan dari A1 ke A3 pada 28 November 1997, dan diturunkan lagi ke Baa2 pada 11 Disember. Bursa saham [[Seoul]] jatuh 4% pada 7 November 1997. Pada 8 November, jatuh 7%, penurunan terbesar yang pernah tercatat di negara tersebut. Dan pada [[24 November]], saham jatuh lagi 7,2 % kerana ketakutan IMF akan meminta reform yang berat. Pada 1998, [[Hyundai Motor]] mengambil alih Kia Motors. === Malaysia === Baris 57 ⟶ 58: Jepun terpengaruh kerana ekonominya berperan penting di wilayah Asia. Negara-negara Asia biasanya menjalankan [[defisit perdagangan]] dengan Jepun kerana ekonomi Jepun dua kali lebih besar dari negara-negara Asia lainnya bila dijumlahkan, dan tujuh kali lipat Cina. Sekitar 40 % ekspor Jepun ke Asia. Pertumbuhan nyata GDP memelan di 1997, dari 5 % ke 1,6 % dan turun menjadi resesi pada 1998. Krisis Finansial Asia juga menuntun ke kebangkrutan di Jepun. === Laos ==== Laos terpengaruh ringan oleh krisis ini dengan nilai tukar [[Kip]] dari 4700 ke 6000 terhadap satu dolar AS. Baris 73 ⟶ 74: ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} ==Sumber== ;Buku * {{cite book\|last=Allen\|first=Larry\|title=The Encyclopedia of Money\|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediamone00alle\|url-access=limited\|year=2009\|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]\|edition=2nd\|place=[[Santa Barbara, California\|Santa Barbara, CA]]\|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediamone00alle/page/n143 125]–127\|isbn=978-1598842517}} * {{Cite book \| last =Blustein \| first =Paul \| title =The Chastening: Inside the Crisis that Rocked the Global Financial System and Humbled the IMF \| publisher =[[PublicAffairs]] \| year =2001 \| url =https://archive.org/details/chasteninginside00blus \| isbn =978-1-891620-81-2 \| url-access =registration }} * Delhaise Philippe F. (1998) ''Asia in Crisis : The Implosion of the Banking and Finance Systems''. John Wiley & Sons. {{ISBN\|0-471-83193-X}} * Goldstein, Morris. ''The Asian financial crisis: Causes, cures, and systemic implications'' (Institute For International Economics, 1998). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040256/http://faculty.arts.ubc.ca/tiberg/MPA_Asia_Apr_2010_readings/Goldstein%201999%20(Ch.%201).pdf online] Hollingsworth, David Anthony (2007, rev. 2008) "The Rise, the Fall, and the Recovery of Southeast Asia's Minidragons: How Can Their History Be Lessons We Shall Learn During the Twenty-First Century and Beyond?" Lexington Books. ({{ISBN\|0739119818}}, 9780739119815) Kaufman, GG., Krueger, TH., Hunter, WC. (1999) ''The Asian Financial Crisis: Origins, Implications and Solutions''. Springer. {{ISBN\|0-7923-8472-5}} * Muchhala, Bhumika, ed. (2007) ''[http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/tenyearsafter_2007_11.pdf Ten Years After: Revisiting the Asian Financial Crisis]''. Washington, DC: [[Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars]] Asia Program. * Noland, Markus, Li-gang Liu, Sherman Robinson, and Zhi Wang. (1998) ''Global Economic Effects of the Asian Currency Devaluations''. Policy Analyses in International Economics, no. 56. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics. * Pempel, T. J. (1999) ''The Politics of the Asian Economic Crisis''. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. * {{Cite book \| last =Pettis \| first =Michael \| title =The Volatility Machine: Emerging Economies and the Threat of Financial Collapse \|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] \|year=2001 \| isbn =978-0-19-514330-0 }} * Ries, Philippe. (2000) ''The Asian Storm: Asia's Economic Crisis Examined''. * Tecson, Marcelo L. (2005) ''Puzzlers: Economic Sting'' (The Case Against IMF, Central Banks, and IMF-Prescribed High Interest Rates) Makati City, Philippines: Raiders of the Lost Gold Publication * {{Cite book \|author1=Ito, Takatoshi \|author2=Andrew K. Rose \|title=financial sector development in the Pacific Rim \|publisher=University of Chicago Press \|year=2006 \|isbn=978-0-226-38684-3}} * [[Fengbo Zhang#Opinion on Financial Crisis\|Fengbo Zhang: Opinion on Financial Crisis]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20130608153708/https://sites.google.com/site/fengbozhang3/ 6. Defeating the World Financial Storm] China Youth Publishing House (2000) ;Kertas * Ngian Kee Jin (March 2000). [https://web.archive.org/web/20050223070039/http://www.iseas.edu.sg/vr82000.pdf ''Coping with the Asian Financial Crisis: The Singapore Experience'']. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. {{ISSN\|0219-3582}} * Tiwari, Rajnish (2003). [http://www.global-innovation.net/team/tiwari/PDF/exchange-rate.pdf ''Post-crisis Exchange Rate Regimes in Southeast Asia''], Seminar Paper, University of Hamburg. * Kilgour, Andrea (1999). [http://www.geogr.uni-goettingen.de/kus/apsa/pn/pn12/vietnam.html ''The changing economic situation in Vietnam: A product of the Asian crisis?''] * {{cite journal \|title = The East Asian Financial Crisis: Diagnosis, Remedies, Prospects \|last1 = Radelet \|first1 = Steven \|last2 = Sachs \|first2 = Jeffrey D. \|last3 = Cooper \|first3 = Richard N. \|last4 = Bosworth \|first4 = Barry P. \|journal= [[Brookings Papers on Economic Activity]] \|issn = 1533-4465 \|volume = 1998 \|issue = 1 \|year = 1998 \|pages = 1–90 \|doi = 10.2307/2534670 \|jstor = 2534670 \|citeseerx = 10.1.1.200.1827 }} * [[Joseph Stiglitz\|Stiglitz, Joseph]] (1996). [http://wbro.oxfordjournals.org/content/11/2/151.short ''Some Lessons From The East Asian Miracle'']. The World Bank Research Observer. * [[Mark Weisbrot\|Weisbrot, Mark]] (August 2007). [http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/asia_crisis_2007_08.pdf ''Ten Years After: The Lasting Impact of the Asian Financial Crisis'']. [[Center for Economic and Policy Research]]. * Tecson, Marcelo L. (2009), ''"IMF Must Renounce Its Weapon of Mass Destruction: High Interest Rates"'' (4-part paper on ''high-interest-rate fallacies and alternatives'', emailed to IMF and others on 27 January 2009) ;Lain-laln * [http://photo-journ.com/asian-economic-crisis-is-thailand-on-the-road-to-recovery/#axzz2HacpXvKb/ Is Thailand on the road to recovery], article by Australian photo-journalist John Le Fevre that looks at the effects of the Asian Economic Crisis on Thailand's construction industry * [http://photo-journ.com/women-bear-brunt-of-asian-economic-crisis/#axzz2HacpXvKb/ Women bear brunt of crisis], article by Australian photo-journalist John Le Fevre examining the effects of the Asian Economic Crisis on Asia's female workforce * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/crash/ The Crash] (transcript only), from the PBS series Frontline ==Pautan luar== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121216061926/http://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552587 Impact on Indonesia] from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160115205405/https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552494 Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151013100555/http://fas.org/man/crs/crs-asia2.htm Congressional Research Service report for US Congress] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140201232556/http://www.adb.org/features/12-things-know-asias-financial-sector Asia's Financial Sector: 12 Things to Know] Asian Development Bank [[Kategori:Krisis kewangan]]

Krisis Kewangan Asia 1997: Perbezaan antara semakan