Pentadbiran Makanan dan Dadah: Perbezaan antara semakan
Kandungan dihapus Kandungan ditambah
"MenyahIndonesiakan" laras bahasa rencana |
Tiada ringkasan suntingan |
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{{Infobox government agency
| chief6_position =
| chief7_name =
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| chief8_name =
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| chief9_name =
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| parent_department =
| parent_agency = [[Jabatan Kesihatan dan Perkhidmatan Manusia Amerika Syarikat|Jabatan Kesihatan dan Perkhidmatan Manusia]]
| child1_agency = [[Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research]]
| child2_agency = [[Center for Devices and Radiological Health]]
| child3_agency = [[Center for Drug Evaluation and Research]]
| child4_agency = [[Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition]]
| child5_agency = [[Center for Tobacco Products]]
| child6_agency = [[Center for Veterinary Medicine]]
| child7_agency = [[National Center for Toxicological Research]]
| child8_agency = [[Office of Criminal Investigations]]
| child9_agency = [[Office of Regulatory Affairs]]
| name = Pentadbiran Makanan dan Ubat-ubatan<br>''Food and Drug Administration''
| seal =
| logo = Logo of the United States Food and Drug Administration.svg
| logo_width = 280px
| formed = {{start date and age|1906|6|30}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/WhatWeDo/History/CentennialofFDA/default.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524231757/https://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/WhatWeDo/History/CentennialofFDA/default.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 24, 2016|title=FDA Centennial 1906–2006|access-date=September 13, 2008|publisher=Food and Drug Administration|language=en-US}}</ref>
| preceding1 = Food, Drug, and Insecticide Administration (Julai 1927 hingga Julai 1930)
| preceding2 = Bureau of Chemistry, [[USDA]] (Julai 1901 hingga Julai 1927)
| preceding3 = Division of Chemistry, USDA (ditubuhkan 1862)
| jurisdiction = [[Pemerintah persekutuan Amerika Syarikat]]
| headquarters = White Oak Campus<br/>10903 [[Maryland Route 650|New Hampshire Avenue]]<br/>[[Silver Spring, Maryland]] 20993
| coordinates = {{coord|39|02|07|N|76|58|59|W|type:landmark_region:US-MD|display=inline,title}}
| employees = 14,824 (2010)<ref>{{cite news|author=Partnership for Public Service|title=The state of the FDA workforce|date=November 2012|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/r/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2012/11/19/National-Politics/Graphics/PEW_FDA_Public_19112012.pdf|access-date=May 12, 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=July 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716095724/https://www.washingtonpost.com/r/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2012/11/19/National-Politics/Graphics/PEW_FDA_Public_19112012.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| budget = $3.16{{nbsp}}bilion (2020)<ref>{{cite news|author=Genomeweb|title=House Subcommittee Bill Proposes 7 Percent NIH Budget Increase|date=December 2019|work=[[Staff Reporter]]|url=https://www.genomeweb.com/policy-legislation/house-subcommittee-bill-proposes-7-percent-nih-budget-increase#.XioQA2hKjcc|access-date=January 23, 2020|archive-date=January 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128183504/https://www.genomeweb.com/policy-legislation/house-subcommittee-bill-proposes-7-percent-nih-budget-increase#.XioQA2hKjcc|url-status=live}}</ref>
| chief1_name = [[Janet Woodcock]] (pemangku)
| chief1_position = Pesuruhjaya
| chief2_name = Amy Abernethy
| chief2_position = Principal Deputy Commissioner
| chief3_name =
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| website = {{URL|https://www.fda.gov/}}
}}
'''Food and Drug Administration''' ('''FDA''') atau '''Pentadbiran Makanan dan Ubat-ubatan''' adalah badan yang bertugas mengatur [[makanan]], [[tambahan makanan]], [[ubat]], produk [[biofarmasi]], [[transfusi darah]], [[alatan perubatan]], alatan untuk terapi dengan [[radiasi]], produk veterinar dan [[kosmetik]] di [[Amerika Syarikat]].
== Pertubuhan ==
Baris 35 ⟶ 79:
== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}
== Bacaan lanjut ==
* Givel, Michael (Disember 2005). "Philip Morris' FDA Gambit: Good for Public Health?" ''Journal of Public Health Policy'' (26): pp. 450–468
* {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Henninger |first1=Daniel |author-link= Daniel Henninger |editor= [[David R. Henderson]]|encyclopedia=[[Concise Encyclopedia of Economics]] |title=Drug Lag |url=http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/DrugLag.html |year=2002 |edition= 1st |publisher=[[Library of Economics and Liberty]] }} {{OCLC|317650570|50016270|163149563}}
* Hilts, Philip J. (2003). ''Protecting America's Health: The FDA, Business, and One Hundred Years of Regulation.'' New York: Alfred E. Knopf. {{ISBN|0-375-40466-X}}
* Kevin Fain, Matthew Daubresse, G. Caleb Alexander (2013). "The Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act and Postmarketing Commitments." "JAMA" 310(2): 202–204 {{doi|10.1001/jama.2013.7900}}.
* Madden, Bartley (2010) ''Free To Choose Medicine: How Faster Access to New Drugs Would Save Countless Lives and End Needless Suffering'' Chicago: The [[Heartland Institute]]. {{ISBN|978-1-934791-32-5}}
* Moore, Thomas J. (1998). ''Prescription for Disaster: The Hidden Dangers in Your Medicine Cabinet.'' New York: Simon & Schuster. {{ISBN|0-684-82998-3}}
* Obenchain, Janel, and Arlene Spark. Food Policy: Looking Forward from the Past. CRC Press, 2015.
== Pautan luar ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{official website}}
* [https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/food-and-drug-administration Pentadbiran Makanan dan Ubat-ubatan] di [[Federal Register]]
* [https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/OrganizationCharts/UCM291886.pdf Carta Hierarki Organisasi FDA] dalam format PDF
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130225130615/http://xml.fido.gov/stratml/carmel/FDAwStyle.xml Pelan Strategik]
*[https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=United+States.+Food+and+Drug+Administration Online books by United States Food and Drug Administration] di [[Online Books Page|The Online Books Page]]
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Industri farmaseutikal]]
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