Xq28 adalah pita kromosom dan penanda genetik yang terletak di hujung kromosom X. Pita kromosom ini telah diteliti semenjak tahun 1980 [1] dan terdiri daripada tiga region berbeza dengan maklumat genetik sebanyak 8 Mb. [2] Xq28 mengandungi 12 gen dari famili antigen berkaitan melanoma; [3] di antaranya MAGEA11 telah dikenal pasti sebagai koregulator reseptor androgen. Penanda ini pertama kali dikenali oleh orang ramai pada tahun 1993 selepas Dean Hamer et al mencari kaitan antara penanda Xq28 dengan orientasi homoseksual. [4] Namun, Xq28 tidak berkaitan dengan orientasi sesama jenis perempuan. [5]

Sebuah kajian pada November 2014 juga berjaya meniru penemuan bahawa gen di Xq28 mempengaruhi perkembangan orientasi seksual laki-laki. Penemuan tersebut didasarkan pada sampel darah yang diambil dari 409 pasang saudara laki-laki homoseksual dan heteroseksual (jumlah 908 individu dari 384 keluarga). [6] [7]

Kontroversi sunting

Pada bulan Juni 1994, Chicago Tribune mendakwa dalam sebuah laporan bahwa peneliti junior di laboratorium Hamer yang membantu dalam pemetaan gen dalam penelitian ini, menyatakan bahwa Dean selektif melaporkan data-nya. Dia kemudian dipecat dari persekutuan pasca-doktoralnya di laboratorium Hamer. Namun, National Institute of penyelidikan Kesihatan membuktikan dakwaannya dan memberinya kedudukan lain di makmal yang berbeda.[8]

Rujukan sunting

  1. ^ {{cite journal | PMID = 6930669 | year = 1980 | last1 = Pai | first1 = GS | last2 = Sprenkle | first2 = JA | last3 = Do | first3 = TT | last4 = Mareni | first4 = CE | Last5 = MIGEON | first5 = BR | title = Localization of loci for hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and biochemical evidence of nonrandom X chromosome expression from studies of a human X-autosome translocation | volume = 77 | issue = 5 | pages = 2810-3 | pmc = 349494 | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | doi=10.1073/pnas.77.5.2810 | bibcode = 1980PNAS ... 77.2810P} }
  2. ^ De Sario, Albertina; Geigl, Eva-Maria; Palmieri, Giuseppe; d'Urso, Michele (1996). "A Compositional Map of Human Chromosome Band Xq28". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (3): 1298–302. Bibcode:... 93.1298D 1996PNAS ... 93.1298D Check |bibcode= length (bantuan). doi:10.1073 / pnas.93.3.1298 Check |doi= value (bantuan). JSTOR 38791. PMC 40074. PMID 8577758. Unknown parameter |Last5= ignored (|last5= suggested) (bantuan); |first5= missing |last5= (bantuan)
  3. ^ Rogner, UC; Wilke, K; Steck, E; Korn, B (1995). "The melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) family is clustered in the chromosomal band Xq28". Genomics. 29 (3): 725–31. doi:10.1006 / geno.1995.9945 Check |doi= value (bantuan). PMID 8575766. Unknown parameter |Last5= ignored (|last5= suggested) (bantuan); |first5= missing |last5= (bantuan)
  4. ^ Hamer, D.; Magnuson, V. (1993). "A linkage between DNA markers on the X chromosome and male sexual orientation". 261 (5119): 321–7. Bibcode:... 261..321H 1993Sci ... 261..321H Check |bibcode= length (bantuan). doi:10.1126 / science.8332896 Check |doi= value (bantuan). PMID 8332896. Unknown parameter |Last2= ignored (|last2= suggested) (bantuan); Unknown parameter |Last4= ignored (|last4= suggested) (bantuan); Unknown parameter |Journal= ignored (|journal= suggested) (bantuan); Unknown parameter |Last5= ignored (|last5= suggested) (bantuan); |first2= missing |last2= (bantuan); |first4= missing |last4= (bantuan); |first5= missing |last5= (bantuan); Cite journal requires |journal= (bantuan)
  5. ^ Hu, Stella; Pattatucci, Angela ML; Patterson, Chavis; Li, Lin; Cherny, Stacey S.; Kruglyak, Leonid; Hamer, Dean H. (1995). "Linkage between sexual orientation and chromosome Xq28 in males but not in females". Nature Genetics. 11 (3): 248–56. doi:10.1038 / ng1195-248 Check |doi= value (bantuan). PMID 7581447. Unknown parameter |Last5= ignored (|last5= suggested) (bantuan); |first5= missing |last5= (bantuan)
  6. ^ Sanders, A. R. and Martin, E. R. and Beecham, G. W. and Guo, S. and Dawood, K. and Rieger, G. and Badner, J. A. and Gershon, E. S. and Krishnappa, R. S. and Kolundzija, A. B. and Duan, J. and Gejman, P. V. and Bailey, J. M. (November 2014). [http: //journals.cambridge.org/article_S0033291714002451 "Genome-wide scan demonstrates significant linkage for male sexual orientation"] Check |url= value (bantuan). Psychological Medicine. FirstView: 1–10. doi:10.1017 / S0033291714002451 Check |doi= value (bantuan).CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Mintz, Zoe (14 February 2014). "Does A 'Gay Gene' Exist? New Study Says 'Xq28' May Influence Male Sexual Orientation". International Business Times. Dicapai pada 18 February 2014.
  8. ^ Crewdson, John (25 June 1995). "Study On `Gay Gene' Challenged: Author Defends Findings Against Allegations". Chicago Tribune, Washington Bureau. Dicapai pada 19 February 2016.