Black Lives Matter

Black Lives Matter
	Black people Lives Matter die-in protesting alleged police brutality in Saint Paul, Minnesota, September 20, 2015
Kerangka
Kependekan	BLM
Jenis/bentuk sah	Pertubuhan aktivis
Tujuan	Protes dan advokasi anti-perkauman
Tapak web	www.blacklivesmatter.com;
Sejarah
Dibentuk	13 Julai 2013; 10 tahun yang lalu
Pengasas	Alicia Garza; Patrisse Cullors; Opal Tometi;
Tokoh penting	Shaun King; DeRay Mckesson; Johnetta Elzie; Tef Poe; Erica Garner;
Gabungan	Gerakan hak awam
Anugerah
	Sydney Peace Prize (2017)
Lokasi
Lokasi	Amerika Syarikat ; Antarabangsa; (kebanyakannya di Amerika Syarikat);
	sunting · sunting di WikidataLihat pendokumenan templat ini

Black Lives Matter (Inggeris: Kehidupan orang berkulit hitam penting) ialah gerakan hak asasi manusia antarabangsa, yang berasal dari masyarakat Afrika-Amerika, yang berkempen menentang keganasan dan perkauman sistemik terhadap orang berkulit hitam. BLM kerap mengadakan tunjuk perasaan yang membicarakan pembunuhan polis terhadap orang berkulit hitam, dan isu-isu yang lebih luas seperti profil perkauman, kekejaman polis, dan ketidaksamaan kaum dalam sistem keadilan jenayah Amerika Syarikat.^[1]

Gerakan ini bermula dari 2013, dengan penggunaan tanda pagar #BlackLivesMatter di media sosial setelah George Zimmerman, pelaku penembakan Trayvon Martin, seorang pemuda berkulit hitam pada Februari 2012. Black Lives Matter menjadi gerakan yang dikenali di seluruh negara setelah perhimpunan yang dilakukan selepas dua kematian melibatkan warga kulit hitam Amerika Syarikat: Michael Brown (menyebabkan demonstrasi dan rusuhan di Ferguson) serta Erik Garner di Bandar Raya New York.^[2]^[3]^[4] Sejak bantahan di Ferguson, ahli gerakan ini telah melakukan demonstrasi membantah kematian sejumlah warga kulit hitam oleh polis mahupun ketika ditahan polis. Sejak pertengahan 2015, aktivis-aktivis BLM juga terlibat dalam pilihan raya Presiden Amerika Syarikat 2016. Pencetus tanda pagar dan penggerak BLM, Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, dan Opal Tometi, membangunkan gerakan ini menjadi sebuah rangkaian kebangsaan dengan lebih dari 30 cabang antara 2014 hingga 2016.^[5] Namun, gerakan BLM secara keseluruhan ialah rangkaian yang tersebar tanpa struktur rasmi.^[6]

Rujukan sunting

^ Friedersdorf, Conor. "Distinguishing Between Antifa, ...." The Atlantic. August 31, 2017. August 31, 2017.
^ Day, Elizabeth (July 19, 2015). "#BlackLivesMatter: the birth of a new civil rights movement". The Guardian. Dicapai pada December 18, 2016.
^ Ross, Janell (August 19, 2015). "How Black Lives Matter moved from a hashtag to a real political force". The Washington Post. Dicapai pada November 19, 2015.
^ Luibrand, Shannon (August 7, 2015). "Black Lives Matter: How the events in Ferguson sparked a movement in America". CBS News. Dicapai pada December 18, 2016.
^ Cullors-Brignac, Patrisse Marie (February 23, 2016). "We didn't start a movement. We started a network". Medium. Dicapai pada December 18, 2016.
^ Collins, Ben; Mak, Tim (August 15, 2015). "Who Really Runs #BlackLivesMatter?". The Daily Beast. Dicapai pada December 18, 2016.

Bacaan lanjut sunting

Cobb, Jelani (March 14, 2016). "The Matter of Black Lives". The New Yorker.
Cole, Teju (July 26, 2016). "The Superhero Photographs of the Black Lives Matter Movement". The New York Times Magazine.
Hayward, Clarissa Rile. 2020. "Disruption: What Is It Good For?" The Journal of Politics.
Lebron, Christopher J. 2017. The Making of Black Lives Matter: A Brief History of An Idea. Oxford University Press.
Miller, Lisa L. (August 5, 2016). "Black Activists Don't Ignore Crime". The New York Times.
Stephen, Bijan (November 2015). "Social Media Helps Black Lives Matter Fight the Power". Wired.
Stevens, Melissa (July 28, 2016). "I'm a GOP Delegate and I Wore a 'Black Lives Matter' Shirt to the RNC". Time.
Tillery, Alvin. 2019. "What Kind of Movement is Black Lives Matter? The View from Twitter." Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics
Towler, C., Crawford, N., & Bennett, R. (2020). Shut Up and Play: Black Athletes, Protest Politics, and Black Political Action. Perspectives on Politics, 18(1), 111-127.

Bibliografi sunting

Bernard, Marie Lyn (2014). "#BlackLivesMatter: A Longform Reading List". Autostraddle. USA.
Cheng, Selina (July 2016). "The complete summer reading syllabus on Black Lives Matter". Quartz.
Oakland Public Library (2014). "Listen, Learn, Participate: A #BlackLivesMatter Resource Series". California. (Bibliography)
Teller, Malcolm (July 2016). "Black Lives Matter Reference Guide" – melalui Medium.

Pautan luar sunting

Tapak web rasmi
List of 1007 Black Lives Matter demonstrations
Campaign Zero to end police violence
"Read This: #BlackLivesMatter Reads for Teens". Minnesota: Hennepin County Library. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada September 21, 2016. (Bibliography)
"#blacklivesmatter". American Library Association, Young Adult Library Services Association. (Bibliography)
Chicago Black Lives Matter Protest Collection at the Newberry Library

[1] Friedersdorf, Conor. "Distinguishing Between Antifa, ...." The Atlantic. August 31, 2017. August 31, 2017.

[theguardian.com-2] Day, Elizabeth (July 19, 2015). "#BlackLivesMatter: the birth of a new civil rights movement". The Guardian. Dicapai pada December 18, 2016.

[3] Ross, Janell (August 19, 2015). "How Black Lives Matter moved from a hashtag to a real political force". The Washington Post. Dicapai pada November 19, 2015.

[4] Luibrand, Shannon (August 7, 2015). "Black Lives Matter: How the events in Ferguson sparked a movement in America". CBS News. Dicapai pada December 18, 2016.

[:0-5] Cullors-Brignac, Patrisse Marie (February 23, 2016). "We didn't start a movement. We started a network". Medium. Dicapai pada December 18, 2016.

[6] Collins, Ben; Mak, Tim (August 15, 2015). "Who Really Runs #BlackLivesMatter?". The Daily Beast. Dicapai pada December 18, 2016.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]