Kaherah: Perbezaan antara semakan
Kandungan dihapus Kandungan ditambah
Tiada ringkasan suntingan |
|||
Baris 43:
'''Kaherah''' ({{ArB|القاهرة}} {{ArTranslit|'''al-Qāhira'''}}), yang bermaksud "berjaya", ialah ibu negara dan bandar terbesar di [[Mesir]]. Ia merupakan [[Dunia Arab]] terbesar <ref>[[List of largest cities of the Arab League]]</ref> serta bandar yang paling padat penduduk di [[Afrika]].<ref>[http://www.africaguide.com/facts.htm<!-- Africa Guide-->]</ref>
==
Nama [[bahasa Arab]] kota yang diserapkan ke dalam nama bahasa Melayunya, ''{{Transl|ar|ALA|al-Qāhirah }}'' ({{lang-ar|القاهرة}}) bererti "pemenang" atau "penakluk", ia dipercayai berkaitan dengan kejadian terbitnya [[Marikh]] atau gelarannya ''an-Najm al-Qāhir'' ({{lang-ar|النجم القاهر}} "Bintang Penakluk") semasa kota ini ditubuhkan<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sVQBAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA78|title=Towards a Shi'i Mediterranean Empire: Fatimid Egypt and the Founding of Cairo|author=|publisher=I.B. Tauris|year=2009|isbn=978-0-85771-742-9|page=78}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=القاهرة تاريخها وآثارها (969 - 1825) من جوهر القائد إلى الجبرتي المؤرخ|last=Abdurrahman Zaki ({{rtl-lang|ar|عبد الرحمن زكي}})|first=|publisher=Dar al-Ta'lif wal Tarjamat|year=1966|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref> atau ketibaan Khalifah [[Khilafah Fatimiyah|Fatimiyah]] [[Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah|Al-Mu'izz]] dari kotanya di [[Mahdia]] di [[Ifriqiyah]] (kini di [[Tunisia]]) pada 973 M.<ref>[[Cairo#Foundation and expansion]]</ref>
Kota lama yang membentuk Kaherah moden dikenal dengan nama [[bahasa Qibti]]<nowiki/>nya Kahire ({{Lang-cop|ⲕⲁϩⲓⲣⲏ}}), yang berarti "Tempat Matahari", yang mungkin mengacu pada kota kuno [[Heliopolis (Mesir kuno)|Heliopolis]], tempat pemujaan dewa matahari [[Ra (dewa)|Ra]] . Lokasi kota kuno tersebut adalah pinggiran kota Ain Syams ({{lang-ar|عين شمس}}, "Mata Matahari") yang dahulunya dinamakan Khere-Ohe, "Tempat Pertempuran" yakni tempat dipercayai tapak pertempuran mitos antara dewa-dewa [[Seth (dewa)|Seth]] dan [[Horus]].
Orang Mesir sering menyebut nama kota ini sebagai ''{{transl|arz|Maṣr}}'' ({{IPA-arz|mɑsˤɾ|IPA}}; {{lang-arz|مَصر}}) menekankan pentingnya kota ini bagi negara tersebut.
== Sejarah ==
== Geografi ==
=== Iklim dan suhu ===
{{Weather box
|location = Cairo
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|collapsed = {{{collapsed|}}}
|Jan record high C = 31
|Feb record high C = 34.2
|Mar record high C = 37.9
|Apr record high C = 43.2
|May record high C = 47.8
|Jun record high C = 46.4
|Jul record high C = 42.6
|Aug record high C = 43.4
|Sep record high C = 43.7
|Oct record high C = 41
|Nov record high C = 37.4
|Dec record high C = 30.2
|year record high C = 47.8
|Jan high C = 18.9
|Feb high C = 20.4
|Mar high C = 23.5
|Apr high C = 28.3
|May high C = 32
|Jun high C = 33.9
|Jul high C = 34.7
|Aug high C = 34.2
|Sep high C = 32.6
|Oct high C = 29.2
|Nov high C = 24.8
|Dec high C = 20.3
|year high C = 27.7
|Jan mean C = 14.0
|Feb mean C = 15.1
|Mar mean C = 17.6
|Apr mean C = 21.5
|May mean C = 24.9
|Jun mean C = 27.0
|Jul mean C = 28.4
|Aug mean C = 28.2
|Sep mean C = 26.6
|Oct mean C = 23.3
|Nov mean C = 19.5
|Dec mean C = 15.4
|year mean C = 21.8
|Jan low C = 9
|Feb low C = 9.7
|Mar low C = 11.6
|Apr low C = 14.6
|May low C = 17.7
|Jun low C = 20.1
|Jul low C = 22
|Aug low C = 22.1
|Sep low C = 20.5
|Oct low C = 17.4
|Nov low C = 14.1
|Dec low C = 10.4
|year low C = 15.8
|Jan record low C = 1.2
|Feb record low C = 3.6
|Mar record low C = 5
|Apr record low C = 7.6
|May record low C = 12.3
|Jun record low C = 16
|Jul record low C = 18.2
|Aug record low C = 19
|Sep record low C = 14.5
|Oct record low C = 12.3
|Nov record low C = 5.2
|Dec record low C = 3
|year record low C = 1.2
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 5
|Feb precipitation mm = 3.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 3.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 1.1
|May precipitation mm = 0.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 0.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 0
|Aug precipitation mm = 0
|Sep precipitation mm = 0
|Oct precipitation mm = 0.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 3.8
|Dec precipitation mm = 5.9
|year precipitation mm = 24.7
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 3.5
|Feb precipitation days = 2.7
|Mar precipitation days = 1.9
|Apr precipitation days = 0.9
|May precipitation days = 0.5
|Jun precipitation days = 0.1
|Jul precipitation days = 0
|Aug precipitation days = 0
|Sep precipitation days = 0
|Oct precipitation days = 0.5
|Nov precipitation days = 1.3
|Dec precipitation days = 2.8
|year precipitation days = 14.2
|Jan sun = 213
|Feb sun = 234
|Mar sun = 269
|Apr sun = 291
|May sun = 324
|Jun sun = 357
|Jul sun = 363
|Aug sun = 351
|Sep sun = 311
|Oct sun = 292
|Nov sun = 248
|Dec sun = 198
|year sun = 3451
|Jan humidity = 59
|Feb humidity = 54
|Mar humidity = 53
|Apr humidity = 47
|May humidity = 46
|Jun humidity = 49
|Jul humidity = 58
|Aug humidity = 61
|Sep humidity = 60
|Oct humidity = 60
|Nov humidity = 61
|Dec humidity = 61
|year humidity = 56
| Jan uv =4
| Feb uv =5
| Mar uv =7
| Apr uv =9
| May uv =10
| Jun uv =11.5
| Jul uv =11.5
| Aug uv =11
| Sep uv =9
| Oct uv =7
| Nov uv =5
| Dec uv =3
|source 1 = ''[[World Meteorological Organization]] (UN)'' (1971–2000),<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.worldweather.org/059/c00248.htm
| title = Weather Information for Cairo
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| accessdate = April 14, 2014}}</ref> ''[[NOAA]]'' for mean, record high and low and humidity<ref name="NOAA">
{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/UB/62366.TXT
| title = Cairo (A) Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|accessdate = 14 April 2014}}</ref>
|source 2= ''Danish Meteorological Institute'' for sunshine (1931–1960),<ref name=DMI>{{cite web
| last1 = Cappelen
| first1 = John
| last2 = Jensen
| first2 = Jens
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130427173827/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf
| archivedate = April 27, 2013
| url = http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf
| work = Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931-1960)
| title = Egypten - Cairo
| publisher = Danish Meteorological Institute
| page = 82
| language = Denmark
| accessdate = April 14, 2014}}</ref>
Weather2Travel (ultraviolet)<ref>{{cite web |title=Cairo Climate Guide: Monthly Weather, Egypt |url=//www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/egypt/cairo.php |accessdate=29 June 2019}}</ref>
}}
== Ekonomi==
==Lihat juga ==
* [[Universiti al-Azhar]]
| |||