Muhammad Ali dari Mesir
Muhammad[a] Ali Pasha al-Mas'yd ibn Agha (Bahasa Turki Uthmaniyah: محمد علی پاشا المسعود بن آغا; محمد علي باشا / ALA-LC: Muḥammad 'Alī Bāshā; albania: Mehmet Ali Pasha; turki: Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Paşa;[2] 4 Mac 1769 – 2 Ogos 1849) adalah seorang komander tentera Uthmaniyah berbangsa Albania yang dinaikkan pangkat menjadi Pasha, kemudiannya menjadi Wāli, dan seterusnya mengisytiharkan dirinya sebagai Khadiwah Mesir dan Sudan. Beliau dianggap sebagai bapa Mesir moden atas langkah-langkah pembaharuan yang dilakukan ke atas negara tersebut dari segi ketenteraan, ekonomi dan budaya. Dinasti yang diasaskan oleh beliau memerintah kawasan hulu dan hilir Mesir serta Sudan sehinggalah kerajaan tersebut digulingkan pada 1952.
| Muhammad Ali Pasha Mehmet Ali Pasha Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Paşa محمد علی پاشا المسعود بن آغا محمد علي باشا | |
|---|---|
Wāli Mesir, Sudan, Sham, Hejaz, Morea, Thasos, Kriti | |
 Sebuah potret Muhammad Ali Pasha pada tahun 1840 karya oleh Auguste Couder | |
| Pemerintahan | 17 Mei 1805 – 2 Mac 1848 |
| Didahului oleh | Ahmad Khurshid Pasha |
| Diikuti oleh | Ibrahim Pasha |
| Keputeraan | 4 Mac 1769 Kavala, Makedonia, Eyalet Rumeli, Empayar Uthmaniyah (kini di Yunani) |
| Kemangkatan | 2 Ogos 1849 (umur 80) Istana Ras el-Tin, Iskandariyah, Eyalet Mesir, Empayar Uthmaniyah (kini di Mesir) |
| Pemakaman | Masjid Muhammad Ali, Cairo Citadel, Mesir |
| Isteri |
|
| Anakanda | Tevhida Ibrahim Pasha Tusun Pasha Isma'il Hatice (a.k.a. Nazli) Sa'id Pasha Hassan Ali Sadik Bey Muhammad Abdel Halim Muhammad Ali yang Muda Fatma al-Ruhiya Zeinab |
| Bahasa Albania | Mehmet Ali Pasha |
| Bahasa Arab | محمد علي باشا |
| Bahasa Turki | Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Paşa |
| Bahasa Turki Uthmaniyah | محمد علی پاشا المسعود بن آغا |
| Dinasti | Dinasti Muhammad Ali |
| Ayahanda | Ibrahim Agha |
| Bonda | Zeinab |
| Agama | Islam Bektashi, Islam Alevi |
Nota sunting
- ^ The spelling of Muhammad Ali's first name in both Arabic, and Ottoman Turkish was consistent: محمد (Muhammad). This is the name by which he was known to his Egyptian subjects, and the name used uniformly in Egyptian, and Arab historical scholarship. However, given his original status as a commander in the Ottoman military, his first name is often rendered as Mehmed, which is the standard rendition of that name in Ottoman Turkish, or Mehmet in Albanian and Modern Turkish. Current English-language historical scholarship is divided as to which is preferable, with the majority opinion favoring the former. Typically, historians accentuating the Egyptian character of his rule opt for 'Muhammad', whilst those accentuating the Ottoman character opt for 'Mehmed' or 'Mehmet'. This distinction is an issue for those writing in the Latin alphabet, but not in Arabic.[1]
Rujukan sunting
- ^ Khalid Fahmy (1998). All the Pasha's Men: Mehmed Ali, his Army and the Making of Modern Egypt. Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine January–June 1841 (indexed by Google Books)