Perdemangan Agung Baden
Perdemangan Agung Baden (Jerman: Großherzogtum Baden) adalah sebuah negeri yang terletak barat daya empayar Jerman, di tebing timur sungai Rhine. Ia wujud antara tahun 1806 sehingga tahun 1918.[1]
Kadipaten Agung Baden Großherzogtum Baden | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1806–1918 | |||||||||
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| Lagu kebangsaan: "Badnerlied" (tidak rasmi) | |||||||||
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| Status |
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| Ibu negara | Karlsruhe | ||||||||
| Bahasa rasmi | Jerman | ||||||||
Bahasa-bahasa lain | Alemannic, Franconia Selatan, Palatinate | ||||||||
| Agama | |||||||||
| Kerajaan | Raja Berperlembagaan | ||||||||
| Grand Duke | |||||||||
• 1771–1811 | Charles Frederick | ||||||||
• 1907–1918 | Friedrich II | ||||||||
| Staatsminister | |||||||||
• 1809–1810 | Sigismund Reitzenstein | ||||||||
• 1917–1918 | Heinrich Bodman | ||||||||
| Badan perundangan | Landtag | ||||||||
| Erste Kammer | |||||||||
| Zweite Kammer | |||||||||
| Pendirian | |||||||||
• Pemilih | 27 April 1803 | ||||||||
• Duci Agung | 24 Oktober 1806 | ||||||||
| 18 Januari 1871 | |||||||||
| 14 November 1918 | |||||||||
| Keluasan | |||||||||
• Jumlah | 15,082 km2 (5,823 bt2) | ||||||||
| Populasi | |||||||||
• 1803 | 210,000 | ||||||||
• 1905 | 2,009,320 | ||||||||
| Mata wang |
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Lihat juga
suntingNota
sunting- ^ "Baden". Encyclopædia Britannica. Dicapai pada 2008-04-26.
Bacaan lanjut
sunting- Grill, Johnpeter Horst. The Nazi Movement in Baden, 1920-1945 (Univ of North Carolina Press, 1983).
- Lee, Loyd E. The Politics of Harmony: Civil Service, Liberalism, and Social Reform in Baden, 1800-1850 (University of Delaware Press, 1980).
- Liebel, Helen P. "Enlightened bureaucracy versus enlightened despotism in Baden, 1750-1792." Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 55.5 (1965): 1-132.
- Selgert, Felix. "Performance, pay and promotion: implementing a Weberian bureaucracy in nineteenth century Baden." Cliometrica 8.1 (2014): 79-113.
- Tuchman, Arleen. Science, Medicine, and the State in Germany: The Case of Baden, 1815-1871 (Oxford University Press, 1993).
Dalam bahasa Jerman
sunting- Schwarzmaier, Hansmartin, ed. Geschichte Badens in Bildern, 1100-1918 (Kohlhammer, 1993), heavily illustrated history.