Ernst Kaltenbrunner
Ernst Kaltenbrunner (4 Oktober 1903 – 16 Oktober 1946) adalah seorang pegawai kanan Jerman Nazi yang berkelahiran Austria semasa Perang Dunia II. Seorang Obergruppenführer (Leftenan Jeneral) dalam Schutzstaffel (SS), antara Januari 1943 dan Mei 1945 beliau menyandang jawatan Ketua Jabatan Keselamatan Utama Reich Reichssicherheitshauptamt; RSHA). Beliau merupakan pegawai tertinggi SS yang dibicarakan dalam Perbicaraan Nuremberg. Beliau telah didapati bersalah kerana jenayah perang dan jenayah terhadap kemanusiaan dan dijatuhi hukuman mati.
Ernst Kaltenbrunner | |
|---|---|
 Ernst Kaltenbrunner, 1946 | |
| Dalam jawatan 30 Januari 1943 – 12 Mei 1945 | |
| Dilantik oleh | Adolf Hitler |
| Didahului oleh | Reinhard Heydrich / Heinrich Himmler (pemangku) |
| Digantikan oleh | Tiada |
| Dalam jawatan 30 Januari 1943 – 12 Mei 1945 | |
| Didahului oleh | Arthur Nebe |
| Maklumat peribadi | |
| Lahir | 4 Oktober 1903 Ried im Innkreis, Austria Atas, Austria-Hungary sekarang Austria |
| Mati | 16 Oktober 1946 (umur 43 tahun) Nuremberg, Bavaria, Jerman taklukan Bersekutu |
| Kewarganegaraan | Austria |
| Parti politik | Parti Nazi (NSDAP) |
| Tempat belajar | Universiti Graz |
| Bidang pengkhususan | Peguam |
| Perkhidmatan tentera | |
| Kesetiaan |  Jerman Nazi |
| Cabang/khidmat |  Schutzstaffel |
| Tahun khidmat | 1940–1945 |
| Pangkat |  Obergruppenführer und General der Polizei und Waffen-SS |
Dalam budaya popular
suntingKaltenbrunner has been portrayed by the following actors in film, television and theater productions, including:[1]
- Edward Underdown in the 1958 British film The Two-Headed Spy.
- Branko Pleša in the 1971 Yugoslavian television production Nirnberški epilog.
- Alain Nobis in the 1972 French television production La Tragédie de Vérone.
- Mikhail Zharkovsky in the 1973 Russian T.V. mini-series Semnadtsat mgnoveniy vesny (Seventeen Moments of Spring).[2]
- Hans Meyer in the 1978 United States T.V. miniseries Holocaust.
- John Moffatt in the 1981 British television series Private Schulz.
- Hans Meyer in the 1982 United States television production Inside the Third Reich.
- Christopher Heyerdahl in the 2000 Canadian/U.S. T.V. production Nuremberg.
Tarikh kenaikkan pangkat
sunting- SS-Mann – 31 Ogos 1931[3]
- SS-Truppführer - 1931[3]
- SS-Sturmhauptführer – 25 September 1932[3]
- SS-Standartenführer – 20 April 1936[3]
- SS-Oberführer – 20 April 1937[3]
- SS-Brigadeführer – 21 Mac 1938[3]
- SS-Gruppenführer – 11 September 1938[3]
- SS-Untersturmführer d.R. der Waffen-SS – 1 Julai 1940[3]
- Generalleutnant der Polizei – 1 April 1941[3]
- SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Polizei – 21 Jun 1943[3]
- General der Waffen-SS und Polizei – 1 Disember 1944[3]
- Anugerah dan pingat kebesaran
- Honour Chevron for the Old Guard (1934)[4]
- SS Honour Ring (1938)[4]
- Sword of honour of the Reichsführer-SS (1938)[4]
- Medal Peringatan Anschluss (1938)[4]
- Medal Peringatan Sudetenland (1938) berserta Bar Istana Prague (1939)[4]
- Golden Party Badge (1939)[4]
- SS Long Service Award Untuk 4, 8, dan 12 Tahun Perkhidmatan[4]
- Nazi Party Long Service Award warna Gangsa dan Perak[4]
- Blood Order (31 Mei 1942)[4]
- German Cross warna Perak (1943)[4]
- Knight Cross of the War Merit Cross berserta Pedang (1944)[4]
Lihat juga
suntingRujukan
suntingPetikan
sunting- ^ "Ernst Kaltenbrunner (Character)". IMDb.com. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2016-03-10. Dicapai pada May 8, 2008. Cite has empty unknown parameters:
|month=dan|coauthors=(bantuan) - ^ ""Semnadtsat mgnoveniy vesny" (1973)". IMDb.com. Dicapai pada May 8, 2008. Cite has empty unknown parameters:
|month=dan|coauthors=(bantuan) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Miller 2015, m/s. 393.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Miller 2015, m/s. 406, 407.
Bibliografi
sunting- Breitman, Richard (1994). "Himmler, the Architect of Genocide". Dalam David Cesarani, ed. (penyunting). The Final Solution: Origins and Implementation. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-41515-232-7.CS1 maint: extra text: editors list (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Conot, Roberrt E. (2000). Justice at Nuremberg. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 978-0-88184-032-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Gerwarth, Robert (2012). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-30018-772-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Graber, G. S. (1978). The History of the SS. New York: D. McKay. ISBN 0-679-50754-X.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Grunberger, Richard (1993). Hitler’s SS. New York: Dorset Press. ISBN 978-1-56619-152-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hildebrand, Klaus (1984). The Third Reich. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-0494-3033-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Höhne, Heinz (2001). The Order of the Death’s Head: The Story of Hitler’s SS. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-0-14139-012-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Kahn, David (1978). Hitler’s Spies: German Intelligence in World War II. New York: MacMillan. ISBN 0-02-560610-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Longerich, Peter (2012). Heinrich Himmler: A Life. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-959232-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Manvell, Roger; Fraenkel, Heinrich (2011). Goering: The Rise and Fall of the Notorious Nazi Leader. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1-61608-109-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Marrus, Michael R. (1997). The Nuremberg War Crimes Trial, 1945–46: A Documentary History. Boston: Bedford Books. ISBN 978-0-31213-691-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Miller, Michael (2015). Leaders of the SS and German Police, Vol. 2. San Jose, CA: R. James Bender. ISBN 978-19-329-7025-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Moorehead, Caroline (1999) [1998]. Dunant's Dream: War, Switzerland and the History of the Red Cross. Carroll & Graf Publishing. ISBN 978-0786706099.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Overy, Richard (2010). The Third Reich: A Chronicle. New York: Quercus Publishing Inc. ISBN 978-1-62365-456-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Read, Anthony (2005). The Devil's Disciples: Hitler's Inner Circle. New York: Norton. ISBN 978-039332-697-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Rosmus, Anna (2015). Hitlers Nibelungen: Niederbayern im Aufbruch zu Krieg und Untergang (dalam bahasa German). Grafenau: Samples Verlag. ISBN 978-3-93840-132-3.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Snyder, Louis L (1976). Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. London: Robert Hale. ISBN 978-1-56924-917-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Stackelberg, Roderick (2007). The Routledge Companion to Nazi Germany. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-41530-861-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Wistrich, Robert (1995). Who's Who In Nazi Germany. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-41511-888-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Yahil, Leni (1990). The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry, 1932–1945. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504522-X.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Zentner, Christian; Bedürftig, Friedemann (1991). The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. (2 vols.) New York: MacMillan Publishing. ISBN 0-02-897500-6.CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Pautan luar
sunting| Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan: Ernst Kaltenbrunner. |
| Wikipetik mempunyai koleksi petikan mengenai: Ernst Kaltenbrunner |
- Kaltenbrunner defense broadcast during Nuremberg Trial, reported by Matthew Halton and broadcast on April 12, 1946; via the archives of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation; 2m:36s
- Testimony of Rudolf Hoess in the Nuremberg Trial Diarkibkan 2006-03-07 di Wayback Machine
- Nuremberg film at IMDB
- Seventeen Moments of Spring film at IMDB
- Holocaust miniseries at IMDB
| Pejabat-pejabat kerajaan | ||
|---|---|---|
| Didahului oleh Heinrich Himmler (memangku) |
Pengarah Jabatan Keselamatan Utama Reich 30 Januari 1943 – 12 Mei 1945 |
Diikuti oleh: Tiada |
| Didahului oleh Arthur Nebe |
Presiden Interpol 30 Januari 1943 – 12 Mei 1945 |
Diikuti oleh: Florent Louwage |
| Pegawai tentera | ||
| Didahului oleh Tiada |
Panglima Tertinggi Selatan Jerman 18 April 1945 – 2 Mei 1945 |
Diikuti oleh: Albert Kesselring |