Wikipedia

Heinrich Müller (Gestapo)

Heinrich Müller (28 April 1900; tarikh Kematian tidak diketahui, tetapi bukti menunjukkan pada Mei 1945)[1][2] ialah seorang pegawai tinggi Schutzstaffel (SS) dan polis Jerman semasa era Nazi. Pada keseluruhan Perang Dunia II di Eropah, beliau merupakan Ketua Gestapo, iaitu polis rahsia negara bagi Jerman Nazi. Müller adalah watak utama dalam perancangan dan pelaksanaan Holokus dan menghadiri Persidangan Wannsee pada January 1942, yang memuktamadkan rancangan bagi pengusiran dan penghapusan semua bangsa Yahudi di dalam Eropah taklukan Jerman—di gelar "Penyelesaian Terakhir untuk Permasalahan Yahudi". Beliau dipanggil sebagai "Gestapo Müller" untuk membezakannya daripada jeneral SS lain yang juga bernama Heinrich Müller.

Heinrich Müller
Pengarah Gestapo
Dalam jawatan
27 September 1939 – 1 Mei 1945
Dilantik olehHeinrich Himmler
Didahului olehReinhard Heydrich
Digantikan olehtiada (Pejabat dibubarkan)
Butiran peribadi
Lahir(1900-04-28)28 April 1900
Munich, Bavaria
Empayar Jerman
Meninggal duniaMei 1945 (umur 45)
Berlin (diandaikan)
Anugerah awamLencana Emas Parti
Perkhidmatan ketenteraan
Nama samaran"Gestapo Müller"
Kesetiaan Empayar Jerman
 Jerman Nazi
Perkhidmatan/
cawangan		Tentera Darat Jerman 1917–18
Polis Munich 1919–33
Gestapo 1933–45
Tahun perkhidmatan1917–18 (tentera)
1933–45 (SS)
PangkatSS-Gruppenführer
PertempuranPerang Dunia I
Military awardsKnights Cross of the War Merit Cross with Swords
Iron Cross 1st Class with 1939 Clasp
Bavarian Military Merit Cross 2nd Class with Swords
Pingat Kehormatan Perang Dunia I

Beliau kali terakhir dilihat dalam Führerbunker di Berlin pada 1 Mei 1945 dan kekal sebagai tokoh paling kanan rejim Nazi yang tidak pernah ditangkap atau disahkan telah meninggal dunia.

Tarikh kenaikkan pangkat

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Anugerah kebesaran

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Rujukan

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Nota informasi

Petikan

  1. ^ Weale 2010, m/s. 412.
  2. ^ Joachimsthaler 1999, m/s. 285.

Bibliografi

  • Bauer, Yehuda (1982). A History of the Holocaust. New York: Franklin Watts. ISBN 0-531-09862-1.
  • Beevor, Antony (2002). Berlin: The Downfall 1945. London: Viking-Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-670-03041-5.
  • Bessel, Richard (2006). Nazism and War. New York: Modern Library. ISBN 978-0-8129-7557-4.
  • Breitman, Richard; Goda, Norman J.W. (2010). Hitler's Shadow: Nazi War Criminals, U.S. Intelligence, and the Cold War. Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. ASIN B017POD60E.
  • Browder, George C (1996). Hitler's Enforcers: The Gestapo and the SS Security Service in the Nazi Revolution. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-820297-4.
  • Brown, Stephen (2013). "Mystery of Gestapo chief's fate is 'solved', shocking German Jews". Reuters. Dicapai pada 18 July 2017.
  • Burleigh, Michael (2000). The Third Reich: A New History. New York: Hill and Wang. ISBN 978-0-8090-9325-0.
  • Crankshaw, Edward (2002) [1956]. Gestapo: Instrument of Tyranny. Mechanicsburg, PA: Greenhill Books. ISBN 978-1-85367-481-5.
  • Daly-Groves, Luke (2019). Hitler's Death: The Case Against Conspiracy. Oxford, UK: Osprey. ISBN 978-1-4728-3454-6.
  • Dams, Carsten; Stolle, Michael (2014). The Gestapo: Power and Terror in the Third Reich. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-966921-9.
  • Dawidowicz, Lucy S. (1975). The War against the Jews: 1933–1945. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 0-03-013661-X.
  • Dederichs, Mario R. (2009). Heydrich: The Face of Evil. Newbury: Greenhill Books. ISBN 978-1-85367-803-5.
  • Delarue, Jacques (2008). The Gestapo: A History of Horror. New York: Skyhorse. ISBN 978-1-60239-246-5.
  • Evans, Richard J. (2008). The Third Reich at War. New York: Penguin. ISBN 978-1-59420-206-3.
  • Fischer, Klaus (1995). Nazi Germany: A New History. New York: Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-0797-9.
  • Friedländer, Saul (2009). Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1933–1945. New York: Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-06-135027-6.
  • Fritz, Stephen G. (2011). Ostkrieg: Hitler's War of Extermination in the East. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-3416-1.
  • Gellately, Robert (1992). The Gestapo and German Society: Enforcing Racial Policy, 1933–1945. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-820297-4.
  • Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11575-8.
  • Gilbert, Martin (1985). The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe during the Second World War. New York: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 0-8050-0348-7.
  • Graber, G. S. (1978). The History of the SS. New York: D. McKay. ISBN 0-679-50754-X.
  • Grunberger, Richard (1993). Hitler's SS. New York: Dorset Press. ISBN 978-1-56619-152-4.
  • Hilberg, Raul (1985). The Destruction of the European Jews. New York: Holmes & Meier. ISBN 0-8419-0910-5.
  • Joachimsthaler, Anton (1999) [1995]. The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, the Evidence, the Truth. Trans. Helmut Bögler. London: Brockhampton Press. ISBN 978-1-86019-902-8.
  • Krausnick, Helmut (1968). "The Persecution of the Jews". Dalam Krausnick, Helmut; Buchheim, Hans; Broszat, Martin; Jacobsen, Hans-Adolf (penyunting). Anatomy of the SS State. New York: Walker and Company. ISBN 978-0-00-211026-6.
  • Laqueur, Walter; Baumel, Judith Tydor (2001). The Holocaust Encyclopedia. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08432-0.
  • Longerich, Peter (2010). Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280436-5.
  • Longerich, Peter (2012). Heinrich Himmler: A Life. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-959232-6.
  • Mayer, Arno (2012). Why Did the Heavens Not Darken?: The "Final Solution" in History. New York: Verso Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84467-777-1.
  • Mazower, Mark (2008). Hitler's Empire: How the Nazis Ruled Europe. New York; Toronto: Penguin. ISBN 978-1-59420-188-2.
  • Misch, Rochus (2014) [2008]. Hitler's Last Witness: The Memoirs of Hitler's Bodyguard. London: Frontline Books-Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-1-84832-749-8.
  • Naftali, Timothy; Goda, Norman J.W.; Brietman, Richard; Wolfe, Robert (2009). "U.S. National Archives and Records Administration". Analysis of the Name File of Heinrich Mueller. Dicapai pada 14 August 2015.

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