Penyerbuan Bersekutu ke atas Sicily
Penyerbuan Bersekutu ke atas Sicily, nama kod Operasi Husky, adalah sebuah kempen besar Perang Dunia II, yang mana pihak Bersekutu menawan pulau Sicily daripada kuasa Paksi (Itali dan Nazi Jerman). Ia bermula dengan operasi amfibia dan airborne yang besar, diikuti oleh kempen darat selama enam minggu, dan memulakan Kempen Itali.
| Kempen Sicily | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sebahagian daripada Kempen Itali dalam Perang Dunia II | |||||||
 Peta pendaratan tentera amfibia Bersekutu di Sicily, 10 Julai 1943, sebagai sebahagian daripada Operasi Husky. | |||||||
| |||||||
| Pihak yang terlibat | |||||||
Pihak Bersekutu: United Kingdom Amerika Syarikat Kanada.svg){kind=small} Perancis Bebas[1] |
Kuasa Paksi: Itali Jerman Nazi | ||||||
| Komandan dan pemimpin | |||||||
|
Dwight D. Eisenhower Harold Alexander Bernard Montgomery George S. Patton Arthur Tedder Andrew Cunningham |
.svg){kind=small} Alfredo GuzzoniRodolfo Graziani Albert Kesselring Fridolin von Senger und Etterlin Hans-Valentin Hube | ||||||
| Kekuatan | |||||||
|
Awal kekuatan: 160,000 anggota 14,000 kenderaan 600 kereta kebal 1,800 meriam[2] Puncak kekuatan: 467,000 anggota[3] |
252,000 anggota Itali[4][5] 40,000–60,000 anggota Jerman [3][6] 260 kereta kebal 1,400 pesawat[7] | ||||||
| Kerugian dan korban | |||||||
|
Amerika Syarikat:[8]2,811 terbunuh 6,471 cedera 686 hilang |
Jerman:[9]4,325 terbunuh 13,500 cedera 10,106 hilang/POW | ||||||
Husky bermula pada malam 9/10 Julai 1943, dan berakhir pada 17 Ogos. Secara strategiknya, Husky mencapai sasaran yang ditetapkan oleh para perancang Bersekutu; pihak Sekutu menghalau angkatan udara, darat dan laut Paksi daripada pulau itu dan jalan laut Mediterranean telah dibuka untuk kapal-kapal dagang Sekutu buat pertama kalinya sejak tahun 1941. Pemimpin Itali, Benito Mussolini, telah digulingkan dari tampuk kuasa di Itali dan laluan dibuka untuk penyerbuan Bersekutu ke atas Itali. Pemimpin Jerman, Adolf Hitler, "membatalkan satu ofensif besar di Kursk hanya selepas seminggu, sebahagiannya untuk mengalihkan bala tentera ke Itali," mengakibatkan kekuatan Jerman berkurangan di Barisan Timur.[10]
Lihat juga
suntingRujukan
suntingNota keterangan
suntingPetikan
sunting- ^ Gaujac, p. 68
- ^ Mitcham & von Stauffenberg (2007), p. 63
- ^ a b Mitcham & von Stauffenberg (2007), p. 307
- ^ Le Operazioni in Sicilia e in Calabria (Luglio-Settembre 1943), Alberto Santoni, p.400, Stato maggiore dell'Esercito, Ufficio storico, 1989
- ^ Including Navy and Air Force personnel.
- ^ Shaw, p.119
- ^ Dickson(2001) p. 201
- ^ a b Hart, Basil H. Liddel (1970). A History of the Second World War. London, Weidenfeld Nicolson. m/s. 627.
- ^ a b Ufficio storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito (USSME) (1993). Le operazioni in Sicilia e in Calabria. Rome. m/s. 400–401.
- ^ Atkinson 2007, halaman 172
Bibliografi
sunting- Alexander, Harold (12 February 1948), The Conquest of Sicily from 10 July 1943 to 17 August 1943, Alexander's Despatches published in "No. 38205". The London Gazette (2nd supplement). 10 February 1948. m/s. 1009–1025.
- Atkinson, Rick (2007), The Day of Battle, The War in Sicily and Italy, 1943–1944, The Liberation Trilogy, II, New York: Henry Holt, ISBN 978-0-8050-6289-2
- Bimberg, Edward L. (1999), The Moroccan Goums, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, ISBN 0-313-30913-2
- Birtle, Andrew J. (1993), Sicily 1943, The U.S. Army WWII Campaigns, Washington: United States Army Center of Military History, ISBN 0-16-042081-4, CMH Pub 72-16
- Brown, Shaun R. G. (1984). The Loyal Edmonton Regiment at war, 1943–1945 (M.A.). Waterloo, Ont: Wilfrid Laurier University. OCLC 827992837.
- Carver, Field Marshal Lord (2001), The Imperial War Museum Book of the War in Italy 1943–1945, London: Sidgwick & Jackson, ISBN 0-330-48230-0
- Copp, Terry; McGreer, Eric; Symes, Matt (2008), The Canadian Battlefields in Italy: Sicily and Southern Italy, Waterloo: Laurier Centre for Military, Strategic and Disarmament Studies
- Costanzo, Ezio (2003), Sicilia 1943: breve storia dello sbarco alleato (dalam bahasa Italian), Catania, Italy: Le Nove Muse, ISBN 88-87820-21-XCS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- D'Este, Carlo (2008), Bitter Victory: The Battle for Sicily 1943, London: Arum Press, ISBN 978-1-84513-329-0
- Dickson, Keith (2001), World War II for Dummies, New York City, ISBN 9780764553523
- Ferguson, Gregor; Lyles, Kevin (1984), The Paras 1940–1984: British airborne forces 1940–1984, Oxford: Osprey, ISBN 0-85045-573-1
- Follain, John (2005), Mussolini's Island: The Invasion of Sicily Through The Eyes Of Those Who Witnessed The Campaign, London: Hodder & Stoughton, ISBN 0-34083-362-9
- Grigg, John (1982), 1943: The Victory that Never Was, London: Kensington, ISBN 0-8217-1596-8
- Hinsley, F. H. (1994) [1993], British Intelligence in the Second World War. Its influence on Strategy and Operations (abridged edition), History of the Second World War (ed. 2nd rev.), London: HMSO, ISBN 0-11-630961-XCS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Holland, James (2004), Fortress Malta: An Island Under Siege, 1940–1943, London: Phoenix, ISBN 978-0-30436-654-5
- Hoyt, Edwin P. (2007) [2002], Backwater War: The Allied Campaign in Italy, 1943–45, Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, ISBN 978-0-8117-3382-3
- Jowett, Philip S.; Stephen, A. (2001), The Italian Army 1940–45, Oxford: Osprey, ISBN 1-85532-866-6
- Mitcham, Samuel W.; von Stauffenberg, Friedrich (2007) [1991], The Battle of Sicily: How the Allies Lost Their Chance for Total Victory, Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, ISBN 0-8117-3403-X Unknown parameter
|last-author-amp=ignored (bantuan) - Playfair, Major-General I. S. O.; and Molony, Brigadier C. J. C.; with Flynn, Captain F. C. (RN); Gleave, Group Captain T. P. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO 1966], Butler, J. R. M. (penyunting), The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Destruction of the Axis Forces in Africa, History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series, IV, Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press, ISBN 1-84574-068-8 Unknown parameter
|last-author-amp=ignored (bantuan) - Molony, Brigadier C. J. C.; with Flynn, Captain F.C. (RN); Davies, Major-General H. L.; Gleave, Group Captain T. P. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO: 1973], Butler, Sir James (penyunting), The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Campaign in Sicily 1943 and The Campaign in Italy 3 September 1943 to 31 March 1944, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series, V, Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press, ISBN 1-84574-069-6 Unknown parameter
|last-author-amp=ignored (bantuan) - Shaw, A. (2002) [2000], World War II: Day by Day, Hoo: Grange, ISBN 1-84013-363-5
- Tomblin, Barbara (2004), With Utmost Spirit: Allied Naval Operations in the Mediterranean, 1942–1945, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, ISBN 0-8131-2338-0
- Zabecki, David T. (1995). "Operation Mincemeat". World War II Magazine. History Net (November 1995). Dicapai pada 5 August 2015.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Zuehlke, Mark (2010), Operation Husky: the Canadian invasion of Sicily, July 10 – August 7, 1943, Douglas & McIntyre, ISBN 1-55365-539-7
Bacaan lanjut
sunting- Birtle, Andrew J. (2004). Sicily 1943. The U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II. United States Army Center of Military History. OCLC 607176966. CMH Pub 72–26.
- Pack, S. W. C. (1977). Operation HUSKY: The Allied Invasion of Sicily. Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0882544403.
Pautan luar
sunting| Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Penyerbuan Bersekutu ke atas Sicily |
- Describes Operation Mincemeat
- Italian 3rd Battalion, 34th Regiment, "Livorno" Infantry Division in the Gela Beachhead Counterattack
- Husky Operations Plan Sicily Diarkibkan 2010-11-17 di Wayback Machine
- Excerpt from The Day Of Battle by Rick Atkinson
- March From The Beaches, Time, 26 July 1943[pautan mati kekal]
- Canadians in Sicily, 1943 Canadians in Sicily: Photos, battle info, video footage and newspaper archives
- World War Two Online Newspaper Archives – The Sicilian and Italian Campaigns, 1943–1945
- Operation Husky: The Allied Invasion of Sicily, 1943 by Thomas E. Nutter
- Royal Engineers Museum Royal Engineers and Second World War (Sicily)
- 2nd World War Best of Sicily History of the Allied Campaign and its social context
- The 82nd Airborne during World War II
- Historical Museum of the Military Invasion of Sicily, 1943 (Museo Storico dello Sbarco in Sicilia 1943) Dedicated to the historical event which culminated in the liberation of Sicily and Italy from the German occupation
- German Soldiers' Cemetery, Motta S. Anastasia, Sicily (in German)
- Commonwealth War Cemetery, Catania, Sicily
- Syracuse War Cemetery, Sicily
- Agira Canadian War Cemetery, Sicily
- Sicily-Rome American Cemetery and Memorial
- COHQ bulletin Y6 digest of reports on Operation 'Husky'
- COHQ bulletin Y1 notes on the planning and assault phase of the Sicilian operation
- 45th Infantry Division in the Sicilian Campaign
- The Irish Brigade 1941–47 account of the 38th (Irish) Brigade in Sicily in August 1943
- Licata Landing La Vedettaonline
- Sicily and the Surrender of Italy/Landing at Mollarella Beach
- US Official History
- Agrigento-Licata from 10–16 July
- [1] Husky Planning on 10 July 1943
![[1]](http://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-MTO-Sicily/maps/USA-MTO-Sicily-IV.jpg){kind=link}