Bantuan:AFA/Jerman Baku: Perbezaan antara semakan
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Semakan pada 06:01, 24 Mac 2020
Carta di bawah menunjukkan bagaimana Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa (AFA) menggambarkan sebutan bahasa Jerman Baku dalam rencana Wikipedia. Untuk panduan dalam menambah aksara AFA ke rencana Wikipedia, lihat {{IPA-de}}.
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See also
- If your browser does not display IPA symbols, you probably need to install a font that includes the IPA. Good free IPA fonts include Gentium and Charis SIL (more complete); a monospaced font is Everson Mono which is complete; download links can be found on those pages.
- For a guide to adding pronunciations to Wikipedia articles, see the {{IPA}} template.
- For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters.
Notes
- ^ a b As several other Germanic languages, Standard German has mid [ə] and open [ɐ] schwas. Care must be taken to clearly distinguish between the two. In English, the former appears in words such as balance, cannon and chairman and the latter variably in sofa, China (especially at the very end of utterance) and, in some dialects, also in ago and again, but one needs to remember that Standard German [ɐ] has no such free variation and is always open, just as [ə] is always mid. In some English dialects, an unstressed /ʌ/ in words such as frustration and justiciable is a perfect replacement for Standard German [ɐ].
Bibliografi
- Hall, Christopher (2003) [Mula diterbitkan 1992], Modern German pronunciation: An introduction for speakers of English (ed. 2nd), Manchester: Manchester University Press, ISBN 0-7190-6689-1
- Krech, Eva Maria; Stock, Eberhard; Hirschfeld, Ursula; Anders, Lutz-Christian (2009), Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch, Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-018202-6
- Mangold, Max (2005), Das Aussprachewörterbuch (ed. 6th), Duden, ISBN 978-3411040667