Parsaw (Parsi Purba: 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺, Parsawi: 𐭐𐭓𐭕𐭅 Parθaw) atau Pahlaw (Parsi Pertengahan: 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭥𐭡𐭥 Pahlaw, bentuk moden: پهلوPahlaw[5]; bahasa Latin: Parthia) adalah tamadun yang berpusat di timur laut Iran. Empayar ini meliputi kawasan moden Iraq, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Kuwait, kawasan persisiran Teluk Parsi Arab Saudi, Bahrain, Qatar dan Emiriah Arab Bersatu.

Parsaw
Parthia
247 SM–224
Ibu negaraCtesiphon,[1] Ecbatana, Hecatompylos, Susa, Mithradatkirt, Asaak
Bahasa yang umum digunakanBahasa Parsawi, bahasa Parsi, bahasa Aram,[2] bahasa Akkadi[1]
Agama
Zoroastrianisme
Babylonian[3]
Kerajaankerajaan mutlak feudal[4]
Shahanshah 
• 247–211 BC
Arsyak II
• 208–224
Ardawan/Artabanu V
Badan perundanganMegisthanes
Era SejarahClassical antiquity
• Didirikan
247 SM
• Dibubarkan
224
Mata wangDrakhma
Didahului oleh
Diganti oleh
Empayar Seleucid
Empayar Sasan
Sejarah Iran
Empayar Parsi - Raja Parsi
sunting

Parthia dimulakan dengan Raja Arsyak yang berjaya menyatukan seluruh kawasan di penara Iran dan juga beberapa wilayah Yunani Timur. Empayar ini merupakan empayar ketiga Iran, selepas Medes dan Empayar Hakhamaniyah. Kejayaan Parthia dalam peperangan kemungkinan adalah hasil sistem tentera berkuda yang maju. Parthia juga merupakan musuh ketat Empayar Rom kerana Parthia menyekat kemaraan Rom di Timur.

Riwayat wangsa ini bertahan selama lima abad. Punca kemusnahan empayar ini ialah kelemahan rajanya dalam mengawal pemberontakan dan juga serangan negeri naungannya iaitu Sasan

Lihat juga sunting

Nota sunting

  1. ^ a b Fattah, Hala Mundhir (2009). A Brief History Of Iraq. Infobase Publishing. m/s. 46. ISBN 9780816057672. One characteristic of the Parthians that the kings themselves maintained was their nomadic urge. The kings built or occupied numerous cities as their capitals, the most important being Ctesiphon on the Tigris River, which they built from the ancient town of Opis.
  2. ^ Chyet, Michael L. (1997). Afsaruddin, Asma; Krotkoff, Georg; Zahniser, A. H. Mathias (penyunting). Humanism, Culture, and Language in the Near East: Studies in Honor of Georg Krotkoff. Eisenbrauns. m/s. 284. ISBN 9781575060200. In the Middle Persian period (Parthian and Sassanid Empires), Aramaic was the medium of everyday writing, and it provided scripts for writing Middle Persian, Parthian, Sogdian, and Khwarezmian.
  3. ^ Brosius, Maria (2006). The Persians. Routledge. m/s. 125. ISBN 9780203068151. The Parthians and the peoples of the Parthian empire were polytheistic. Each ethnic group, each city, and each land or kingdom was able to adhere to its own gods, their respective cults and religious rituals. In Babylon the city-god Marduk continued to be the main deity alongside the goddesses Ishtar and Nanai, while Hatra's main god, the sun-god Shamash, was revered alongside a multiplicity of other gods.
  4. ^ Sheldon 2010, halaman 231
  5. ^ Kirakosian, Hasmik C. (2020). "New Persian Pahlawān". DABIR, 7 (1), 113-4. doi:https://doi.org/10.1163/29497833-00701009