Pendudukan Jepun di Borneo British
(Dilencongkan dari Pendudukan Jepun di British Borneo)
Sebelum berlakunya Perang Dunia II di Pasifik, pulau Borneo dibahagikan kepada lima wilayah. Empat wilayah di utara dan di bawah kawalan British - Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan (pulau), dan British Borneo Utara; manakala sisanya dan sebahagian besar pulau di selatan di bawah bidang kuasa Hindia Timur Belanda.
Pendudukan Jepun di British Borneo (British Borneo Utara, Brunei, Labuan dan Sarawak) Borneo Utara (北ボルネオ, Kita Boruneo) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1941–1945 | |||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
 Harta benda Jepun di British Borneo, termasuk Borneo Belanda pada tahun 1943 | |||||||||||||||
| Status | Pendudukan ketenteraan oleh Empayar Jepun | ||||||||||||||
| Ibu negara | Kuching[1][2] | ||||||||||||||
| Bahasa yang umum digunakan | Jepun (official) Melayu Cina Bahasa Borneo | ||||||||||||||
| Kerajaan | Pendudukan ketenteraan | ||||||||||||||
| Empayar | |||||||||||||||
• 1941–1945 | Shōwa (Hirohito) | ||||||||||||||
| Gabenor-Jeneral | |||||||||||||||
• 1941–1942 | Kiyotake Kawaguchi | ||||||||||||||
• 1942 | Toshinari Maeda | ||||||||||||||
• 1942–1944 | Masataka Yamawaki | ||||||||||||||
• 1944–1945 | Masao Baba | ||||||||||||||
| Perdana Menteri | |||||||||||||||
• 1941–1944 | Hideki Tōjō | ||||||||||||||
• 1944–1945 | Kuniaki Koiso | ||||||||||||||
• 1945 | Kantarō Suzuki | ||||||||||||||
| Era Sejarah | Perang Dunia II | ||||||||||||||
• Perang Pasifik bermula | 8 Disember 1941 | ||||||||||||||
| 16 Disember 1941 | |||||||||||||||
• Tentera British menyerah | 1 April 1942 | ||||||||||||||
• Pembebasan bersekutu Borneo utara | 10 Jun 1945 | ||||||||||||||
| 15 Ogos 1945 | |||||||||||||||
• Pentadbiran Tentera British ditubuhkan | 12 September 1945 | ||||||||||||||
• Kembali ke kedudukan pentadbiran pra-perang | 1 April 1946 | ||||||||||||||
| Populasi | |||||||||||||||
• 1945 | 950000[note 1][3] | ||||||||||||||
| Mata wang | Dolar keluaran Jepun ("Wang pisang") | ||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
| Sekarang sebahagian dari |  Brunei Malaysia | ||||||||||||||
.svg)
Pada 16 Disember 1941, pasukan Jepun mendarat di Miri, sebahagian wilayah utara British, dari Teluk Cam Ranh di Indochina Perancis. Selepas pendaratan, angkatan tentera Jepun mengambil masa kurang daripada sebulan untuk mengatasi wilayah-wilayah dan kemudian menamakan semula bahagian utara sebagai Borneo Utara (北 ボ ル ネ オ Kita Boruneo), Labuan sebagai Maida Island (前 田島 Maeda-shima) dan wilayah Belanda yang berdekatan sebagai Borneo Selatan (南 ボ ル ネ オ Minami Boruneo) dengan nama-nama Jepun.[4][5][6] Buat pertama kali dalam sejarah moden, kedua-dua wilayah, yang telah lama dipisahkan di bawah peraturan penjajah Barat, telah bersatu di bawah pemerintahan penjajah Jepun dengan seluruh penduduknya menjadi mata pelajaran maharaja Jepun.[7]
Wilayah-wilayah diperintah selama tiga tahun, di mana pihak berkuasa Jepun secara aktif menggalakkan pembiasaan budaya Jepun (penjepunan) dalam kalangan penduduk tempatan pulau itu dengan menghendaki mereka memasuki kelas bahasa Jepun. Jepun membahagi wilayah utara ke lima wilayah pemerintahan (洲 shu) dan membina lapangan terbang. Beberapa kem perang dikendalikan di seluruh pulau di mana kebanyakan pegawai penjajah Barat ditahan bersama dengan anggota gerakan bawah tanah yang menentang pemerintahan yang keras semasa pendudukan Jepun. Sementara itu, kedudukan pemimpin Melayu tempatan dikekalkan dengan pengawasan Jepun dan kebanyakan bidang tenaga kerja dipenuhi oleh orang-orang latar belakang Asia yang berbeza.
Menjelang akhir tahun 1945, komando Australia mula dikerahkan ke pulau itu oleh kapal selam AS di mana Unit Khas Bersekutu Z menjalankan operasi perisikan dan melatih seribu orang orang asli untuk melawan Jepun dalam peperangan gerila di bawah Kempen Borneo sambil bersiap sedia untuk bersekutu utama misi kemerdekaan. Berikutan pertempuran Borneo Utara dan Labuan dari 10 Jun 1945 dengan gabungan pasukan Australia dan Amerika, pulau Borneo dibebaskan dengan Pentadbiran Tentera Jepun digantikan dengan Pentadbiran Tentera British pada 12 September 1945.
Lihat jugaSunting
CatatanSunting
- ^ Penduduk adalah seperti berikut:
Sarawak: 580,000;
Brunei: 39,000;
North Borneo: 331,000
Nota kakiSunting
- ^ 日本サラワク協会 1998.
- ^ Kratoska 2013, m/s. 111.
- ^ Vinogradov 1980, m/s. 73.
- ^ Ooi 2010, m/s. 133.
- ^ Braithwaite 2016, m/s. 253.
- ^ Jude 2016.
- ^ Baldacchino 2013, m/s. 74.
RujukanSunting
- 文原堂 (1930). 神祕境英領北ボルネオ (dalam bahasa Jepun). 文原堂.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Broch, Nathan (1943). "Japanese Dreams in Borneo". The Sydney Morning Herald. Trove.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- The Mercury (1) (1947). "Four Japs General for Trial". The Mercury (Hobart). Trove.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- The Mercury (2) (1947). "Death Sentence for Japanese General". The Mercury (Hobart). Trove.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- The Argus (1947). "Jap General will die for 'death march'". The Argus (Melbourne). Trove.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- The Sydney Morning Herald (1947). "Japanese to be Hanged". The Sydney Morning Herald. Trove.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Tregonning, K. G. (1960). North Borneo. H.M. Stationery Office.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Keogh, Eustace (1965). The South West Pacific 1941–45. Grayflower Productions. OCLC 7185705.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Dod, Karl C. (1966). Technical Services, Corps of Engineers, the War Against Japan. Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-16-001879-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Alliston, Cyril (1967). Threatened Paradise: North Borneo and Its Peoples. Roy Publishers.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Kennedy, Malcolm Duncan (1969). The Estrangement of Great Britain and Japan, 1917-35. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-0352-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Luping, Margaret; Chin, Wen; Dingley, E. Richard (1978). Kinabalu, Summit of Borneo. Sabah Society.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- FitzGerald, Lawrence (1980). Lebanon to Labuan: a story of mapping by the Australian Survey Corps, World War II (1939 to 1945). J.G. Holmes Pty Ltd.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Vinogradov, A.G. (1980). The population of the countries of the world from most ancient times to the present days: Demography. WP IPGEB. GGKEY:CPA09LBD5WN.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Nelson, Hank (1985). P.O.W., prisoners of war: Australians under Nippon. ABC Enterprises. ISBN 978-0-642-52736-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Abbas, Ismail; Bali, K. (1985). Peristiwa-peristiwa berdarah di Sabah (dalam bahasa Malay). Institute of Language and Literature, Ministry of Education (Malaysia).CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Watt, Donald Cameron (1985). The Tokyo War Crimes Trial: Index and Guide. International Military Tribunal for the Far East. Garland. ISBN 978-0-8240-4774-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Chay, Peter (1988). Sabah: the land below the wind. Foto Technik. ISBN 978-967-9981-12-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Braithwaite, John (1989). Crime, Shame and Reintegration. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-35668-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Lee, Sheng-Yi (1990). The Monetary and Banking Development of Singapore and Malaysia. NUS Press. ISBN 978-9971-69-146-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Evans, Stephen R. (1990). Sabah (North Borneo): Under the Rising Sun Government. Tropical Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Wall, Don (1990). Abandoned?: Australians at Sandakan, 1945. D. Wall. ISBN 978-0-7316-9169-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Reece, Bob (1993). Datu Bandar Abang Hj. Mustapha of Sarawak: some reflections of his life and times. Sarawak Literary Society.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Saya, Shiraishi; Takashi, Shiraishi (1993). The Japanese in Colonial Southeast Asia. SEAP Publications. ISBN 978-0-87727-402-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Rogers, Robert F. (1995). Destiny's Landfall: A History of Guam. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-1678-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- 日本サラワク協会 (1998). Templat:Asiantitle (dalam bahasa Japanese). せらび書房. ISBN 978-4-915961-01-4.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Heimann, Judith M. (1998). The Most Offending Soul Alive: Tom Harrisson and His Remarkable Life. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-2199-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Coulthard-Clark, Chris (1998). The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86448-611-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Ooi, Keat Gin (1999). Rising Sun over Borneo: The Japanese Occupation of Sarawak, 1941–1945. Palgrave Macmillan UK. ISBN 978-1-349-27300-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Fuller, Thomas (1999). "Borneo Death March /Of 2,700 Prisoners, 6 Survived : An Old Soldier Remembers a Wartime Atrocity". The New York Times. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 September 2017. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Kawamura, Noriko (2000). Turbulence in the Pacific: Japanese-U.S. Relations During World War I. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-96853-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Klemen, L. (2000). "The Invasion of British Borneo in 1942". Dutch East Indies Webs. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 September 2017. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Towle, Philip; Kosuge, Margaret; Kibata, Yoichi (2000). Japanese Prisoners of War. A&C Black. ISBN 978-1-85285-192-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Mendl, Wolf (2001). Japan and South East Asia: From the Meiji Restoration to 1945. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-18205-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- D. Rhodes, Benjamin (2001). United States Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period, 1918-1941: The Golden Age of American Diplomatic and Military Complacency. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-94825-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Lightner Jr., Sam (2001). All Elevations Unknown: An Adventure in the Heart of Borneo. Crown/Archetype. ISBN 978-0-7679-0949-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Tarling, Nicholas (2001). A Sudden Rampage: The Japanese Occupation of Southeast Asia, 1941-1945. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 978-1-85065-584-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Jack, Wong Sue (2001). Blood on Borneo. L Smith (WA) Pty, Limited. ISBN 978-0-646-41656-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Thurman, Malcolm Joseph; Sherman, Christine (2001). War Crimes: Japan's World War II Atrocities. Turner Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-56311-728-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hirakawa, Hitoshi; Shimizu, Hiroshi (2002). Japan and Singapore in the World Economy: Japan's Economic Advance into Singapore 1870-1965. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-65173-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Johnston, Mark (2002). That Magnificent 9th: An illustrated history of the 9th Australian Division 1940-46. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86508-654-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Welch, Jeanie M. (2002). The Tokyo Trial: A Bibliographic Guide to English-language Sources. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-31598-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Likeman, Robert (2003). Men of the Ninth: A History of the Ninth Australian Field Ambulance 1916-1994. Slouch Hat Publications. ISBN 978-0-9579752-2-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Danny, Wong Tze-Ken (2004). Historical Sabah: The Chinese. Natural History Publications (Borneo). ISBN 978-983-812-104-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Schmidt, Donald E. (2005). The Folly of War: American Foreign Policy, 1898-2005. Algora Publishing. ISBN 978-0-87586-382-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Feuer, A. B. (2005). Australian Commandos: Their Secret War Against the Japanese in World War II. Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-3294-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Jackson, Ashley (2006). The British Empire and the Second World War. A&C Black. ISBN 978-1-85285-417-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bullard, Steven (2006). "Human face of war (Post-war Rabaul)". Australian War Memorial. Australia-Japan Research Project. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 15 Oktober 2017. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Akashi, Yōji; Yoshimura, Mako (2008). New Perspectives on the Japanese Occupation in Malaya and Singapore, 1941-1945. NUS Press. ISBN 978-9971-69-299-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Felton, Mark (2009). Japan's Gestapo: Murder, Mayhem and Torture in Wartime Asia. Pen & Sword Military. ISBN 978-1-84415-912-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Heimann, Judith M. (2009). The Airmen and the Headhunters: A True Story of Lost Soldiers, Heroic Tribesmen and the Unlikeliest Rescue of World War II. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0-547-41606-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Ooi, Keat Gin (2010). The Japanese Occupation of Borneo, 1941-45. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-96309-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Lebra, Joyce (2010). Japanese-trained Armies in Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 978-981-4279-44-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Tourism Malaysia (2010). "Labuan War Cemetery". Tourism Malaysia. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 Oktober 2017. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Steiner, Zara (2011). The Triumph of the Dark: European International History 1933-1939. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-921200-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Tan, Gabriel (2011). "Under the Nippon flag". The Borneo Post. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 4 August 2017.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hong, Bi Shi (2011). "Japan's Economic Control in Southeast Asia during the Pacific War: Its Character, Effects and Legacy". School of International Studies, Yunnan University. Waseda University. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 30 September 2017. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Trefalt, Beatrice (2013). Japanese Army Stragglers and Memories of the War in Japan, 1950-75. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-38342-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Rottman, Gordon L. (2013). Japanese Army in World War II: The South Pacific and New Guinea, 1942–43. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-0466-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Ham, Paul (2013). Sandakan. Transworld. ISBN 978-1-4481-2626-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Kratoska, Paul H. (2013). Southeast Asian Minorities in the Wartime Japanese Empire. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-12514-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Baldacchino, G. (2013). The Political Economy of Divided Islands: Unified Geographies, Multiple Polities. Springer. ISBN 978-1-137-02313-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Ooi, Keat Gin (2013). Post-war Borneo, 1945-50: Nationalism, Empire and State-Building. Routledge. ISBN 1-134-05803-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Saunders, Graham (2013). A History of Brunei. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-87394-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Daily Express (2013). "Granddaughter seeks apology for massacre". Daily Express. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 18 Oktober 2017. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Black, Jeremy (2014). Introduction to Global Military History: 1775 to the Present Day. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-79640-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Iriye, Akira (2014). Japan and the Wider World: From the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the Present. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-317-89407-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Daily Express (2014). "Looking back: North Borneo war scars". Daily Express. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 18 Oktober 2017. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - de Matos, Christine; Caprio, M. (2015). Japan as the Occupier and the Occupied. Palgrave Macmillan UK. ISBN 978-1-137-40811-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Ringgit, Danielle Sendou (2015). "Sarawak and the Japanese occupation". The Borneo Post Seeds. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 September 2017. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Wiesman, Hans (2015). The Dakota Hunter: In Search of the Legendary DC-3 on the Last Frontiers. Casemate. ISBN 978-1-61200-259-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Braithwaite, Richard Wallace (2016). Fighting Monsters: An Intimate History of the Sandakan Tragedy. Australian Scholarly Publishing. ISBN 978-1-925333-76-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Jude, Marcel (2016). "Japanese community in North Borneo long before World War II". The Borneo Post. PressReader.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Dhont, Frank; Marles, Janet E.; Jukim, Maslin (2016). "Memories of World War II: Oral History of Brunei Darussalam (Dec. 1941-June 1942)" (PDF). Universiti Brunei Darussalam. Institute of Asian Studies. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 23 September 2017. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Muraoka, Takamitsu (2016). My Via Dolorosa: Along the Trails of the Japanese Imperialism in Asia. AuthorHouse UK. ISBN 978-1-5246-2871-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Tay, Frances (2016). "Japanese War Crimes in British Malaya and British Borneo 1941–1945". Japanese War Crimes Malaya Borneo. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 6 Oktober 2017. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Fitzpatrick, Georgina; McCormack, Timothy L.H.; Morris, Narrelle (2016). Australia's War Crimes Trials 1945-51. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-29205-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Welman, Frans (2017). Borneo Trilogy Volume 1: Sabah. Booksmango. ISBN 978-616-245-078-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Labuan Corporation (1) (2017). "Peace Park (Taman Damai)". Labuan Corporation. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 14 Ogos 2017. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Labuan Corporation (2) (2017). "Surrender Point". Labuan Corporation. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 14 Oktober 2017. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Chandran, Esther (2017). "Discovering Labuan and loving it". The Star. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 August 2017. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Woodward, C. Vann (2017). The Battle for Leyte Gulf: The Incredible Story of World War II's Largest Naval Battle. Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5107-2135-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Tanaka, Yuki (2017). Hidden Horrors: Japanese War Crimes in World War II. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-5381-0270-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Pautan luarSunting
Kategori berkenaan Pendudukan Jepun di Borneo British di Wikimedia Commons
