Mozambique

Republik Mozambique
Republik Mozambique; República de Moçambique
Bendera	Lambang
	Lagu kebangsaan: Pátria Amada; (dahulunya Viva, Viva a FRELIMO)
Bahasa rasmi	Bahasa Portugis
Bahasa lain diiktiraf	Bahasa Swahili; Bahasa Mwani; Bahasa Chewa; Bahasa Tsonga
Agama (2017)	56.1% Kristian ; —28.7% Katolik ; —27.3% Protestan ; —0.1% aliran lain ; 18.0% Islam ; 17.9% Unaffiliated ; 7.4% Anutan tradisi ; 0.6% lain-lain ;
Kerajaan	Republik berperlembagaan kesatuan berpresiden separa
• Presiden	Filipe Nyusi
• Prime Minister	Carlos Agostinho do Rosário
Perundangan	Assembly of the Republic
Pembentukan
• Penaklukan Portugis	1 Mac 1498
• Merdeka dari Portugal	25 Jun 1975
• Dimasukkan ke PBB	16 September 1975
• Perang Saudara Mozambique	1977 - 4 Oktober 1992
• Penggubalan perlembagaan baharu	21 Disember 2004
Keluasan
• Jumlah	801,590 km2 (309,500 bt2) (35th)
• Air (%)	2.2
Penduduk
• Anggaran 2020	30,066,648 (48th)
• Bancian 2017	27,909,798
• Kepadatan	28.7/km2 (74.3/sq mi) (178th)
KDNK (PPP)	Anggaran 2019
• Jumlah	$41.473 billion
• Per kapita	$1,331
KDNK (nominal)	Anggaran 2019
• Jumlah	$15.372 billion
• Per kapita	$493
Gini (2008)	45.7; sederhana
HDI (2018)	▲ 0.446; rendah · ke-180
Mata wang	Metical Mozambique (Mtn) (MZN)
Zon masa	UTC+2 (CAT)
• Musim panas (DST)	UTC+2 (tidak terpakai)
Bahagian memandu	kiri
Kod panggilan	258
DPT Internet	.mz
	Laman sesawang; www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz
	Orang Makua Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena and others.;
	Estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected.;
	Estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected.

Mozambique (Bahasa Portugis: Moçambique; Bahasa Chichewa: Mozambiki; Bahasa Swahili: Msumbiji; Bahasa Tsonga: Muzambhiki) ialah sebuah negara di selatan Afrika. Negara ini pernah suatu ketika dahulu dijajah oleh Portugal. Mozambique ialah satu-satunya negara yang bukan di bawah jajahan Britain tetapi menyertai pertubuhan Komanwel pada tahun 1995. Ibu negaranya ialah Maputo.

PenamaanSunting

Negara ini dinamakan sempena Pulau Mozambique yang terletak di utara negara tersebut. Moçambique itu datang daripada nama pelayar dan pedagang Arab pertama yang menemukan pulau ini iaitu Musa bin Malik Mbiki.^[10] Bandar di pulau ini telah dijadikan ibu kota jajahan Portugis hingga tahun 1898, apabila ia dipindahkan ke selatan ke Lourenço Marques (sekarang Maputo).

SejarahSunting

Penghijrahan masayarakat Bantu ke Mozambique bermula seawal abad ke-4 SM.^[11] Dipercayai antara abad pertama hingga ke-5 Masihi, gelombang migrasi dari barat dan utara berlaku melalui lembah Sungai Zambezi dan secara beransur-ansur bergerak ke kawasan dataran tinggi dan pesisir Afrika.^[12] Mereka membentuk suatu masyarakat berasaskan pertanian yang bertumpukan penggembalaan lembu, serta membawa teknologi peleburan dan pertukangan besi.

RujukanSunting

^ http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/mozambique#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year = 2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year = 2016
^ https://www.indexmundi.com/mozambique/religions.html
^ Neto, Octávio Amorim; Lobo, Marina Costa (2010). "Between Constitutional Diffusion and Local Politics: Semi-Presidentialism in Portuguese-Speaking Countries". Social Science Research Network. SSRN 1644026. Petikan journal memerlukan |journal= (bantuan)
^ Shugart, Matthew Søberg (September 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns" (PDF). Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies. United States: University of California, San Diego. Diarkib daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 19 August 2008. Dicapai pada 20 August 2016.
^ Shugart, Matthew Søberg (December 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns" (PDF). French Politics. 3 (3): 323–351. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087. Diarkib daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 4 March 2016. Of the contemporary cases, only four provide the assembly majority an unrestricted right to vote no confidence, and of these, only two allow the president unrestricted authority to appoint the prime minister. These two, Mozambique and Namibia, as well as the Weimar Republic, thus resemble most closely the structure of authority depicted in the right panel of Figure 3, whereby the dual accountability of the cabinet to both the president and the assembly is maximized. Parameter |s2cid= yang tidak diketahui diendahkan (bantuan)
^ "Projecções da População — Instituto Nacional de Estatistica". www.ine.gov.mz. Archived from the original on 2020-03-07. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
^ ^a ^b "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". www.imf.org. Diarkib daripada yang asal pada 9 December 2019. Dicapai pada 8 April 2020.
^ "Gini Index". World Bank. Diarkib daripada yang asal pada 8 December 2015. Dicapai pada 2 March 2011.
^ "Human Development Report 2019" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggeris). United Nations Development Programme. 10 December 2019. Diarkib daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 22 March 2017. Dicapai pada 10 December 2019.
^ History. ilhademo.net
^ Lander, Faye; Russell, Thembi (2018). "The archaeological evidence for the appearance of pastoralism and farming in southern Africa". PLOS ONE (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 13 (6): e0198941. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1398941L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198941. PMC 6002040. PMID 29902271.
^ "Mozambique (07/02)". U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets/Background Notes. U.S. Department of State. Diarkib daripada yang asal pada 2 July 2018. Dicapai pada 1 July 2018. Rencana ini mengandungi teks dari sumber yang berada dalam domain awam.

Pautan luarSunting

Media berkenaan Mozambique di Wikimedia Commons

Rencana berkaitan geografi ini ialah rencana tunas. Anda boleh membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[1] ttp://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/mozambique#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year = 2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year = 2016

[2] ttps://www.indexmundi.com/mozambique/religions.html

[SpL-3] Neto, Octávio Amorim; Lobo, Marina Costa (2010). "Between Constitutional Diffusion and Local Politics: Semi-Presidentialism in Portuguese-Speaking Countries". Social Science Research Network. SSRN 1644026. Petikan journal memerlukan |journal= (bantuan)

[4] Shugart, Matthew Søberg (September 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns" (PDF). Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies. United States: University of California, San Diego. Diarkib daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 19 August 2008. Dicapai pada 20 August 2016.

[5] Shugart, Matthew Søberg (December 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns" (PDF). French Politics. 3 (3): 323–351. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087. Diarkib daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 4 March 2016. Of the contemporary cases, only four provide the assembly majority an unrestricted right to vote no confidence, and of these, only two allow the president unrestricted authority to appoint the prime minister. These two, Mozambique and Namibia, as well as the Weimar Republic, thus resemble most closely the structure of authority depicted in the right panel of Figure 3, whereby the dual accountability of the cabinet to both the president and the assembly is maximized. Parameter |s2cid= yang tidak diketahui diendahkan (bantuan)

[6] "Projecções da População — Instituto Nacional de Estatistica". www.ine.gov.mz. Archived from the original on 2020-03-07. Retrieved 2020-04-18.

[imf.org-7] "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". www.imf.org. Diarkib daripada yang asal pada 9 December 2019. Dicapai pada 8 April 2020.

[wb-gini-8] "Gini Index". World Bank. Diarkib daripada yang asal pada 8 December 2015. Dicapai pada 2 March 2011.

[UNHDR-9] "Human Development Report 2019" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggeris). United Nations Development Programme. 10 December 2019. Diarkib daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 22 March 2017. Dicapai pada 10 December 2019.

[10] History. ilhademo.net

[11] Lander, Faye; Russell, Thembi (2018). "The archaeological evidence for the appearance of pastoralism and farming in southern Africa". PLOS ONE (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 13 (6): e0198941. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1398941L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198941. PMC 6002040. PMID 29902271.

[BilateralRelationsFactSheet-12] "Mozambique (07/02)". U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets/Background Notes. U.S. Department of State. Diarkib daripada yang asal pada 2 July 2018. Dicapai pada 1 July 2018. Rencana ini mengandungi teks dari sumber yang berada dalam domain awam.

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